{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1474584211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139052474.022","title":"Tactics, Trenches, and Men in the Civil War","display_name":"Tactics, Trenches, and Men in the Civil War","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1474584211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139052474.022","mag":"1474584211"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/cbo9781139052474.022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139052474.022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139052474.022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"On the Road to Total War","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1615184739","display_name":"On the Road to Total War"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002116043","display_name":"Earl J. Hess","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Earl J. Hess","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002116043"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"481","last_page":"496"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14190","display_name":"Military history and social perspectives","score":0.8726000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14190","display_name":"Military history and social perspectives","score":0.8726000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13494","display_name":"Military History and Strategy","score":0.1234000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11971","display_name":"World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-civil-war","display_name":"American Civil War","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-tactics","display_name":"military tactics","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trench-warfare","display_name":"trench warfare","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combat-exposure","display_name":"combat exposure","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-personnel","display_name":"military personnel","score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-war","display_name":"total war","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modern-warfare","display_name":"modern warfare","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-technology","display_name":"military technology","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrialization","display_name":"industrialization","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-communications","display_name":"military communications","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transportation","display_name":"transportation","score":0.5080000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779669469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895508","display_name":"Battlefield","level":2,"score":0.883661150932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81631423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859","display_name":"Spanish Civil War","level":2,"score":0.8704981803894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778692574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5410500","display_name":"Faith","level":2,"score":0.7004719972610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5365287065505981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120302604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17149403","display_name":"Military operations other than war","level":3,"score":0.5180692672729492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5072492957115173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203715995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752673","display_name":"Asymmetric warfare","level":3,"score":0.4885355234146118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4298563599586487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3340036869049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.2037256360054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.07377973198890686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.06692555546760559}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/cbo9781139052474.022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139052474.022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139052474.022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"On the Road to Total War","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3094959808","https://openalex.org/W2979389849","https://openalex.org/W2269508985","https://openalex.org/W4245515901","https://openalex.org/W4388174246","https://openalex.org/W7170198281","https://openalex.org/W7116158468","https://openalex.org/W2773450859","https://openalex.org/W3141903139","https://openalex.org/W348850079"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,34],"Civil":[1,66,123,149,166],"War":[2,67,124,150,167],"has":[3],"long":[4],"been":[5],"perceived":[6],"as":[7,15,69],"a":[8,16,20,131,144,195],"total":[9,37],"war,":[10],"or":[11],"modern":[12,84,190],"war":[13,85,129],"-":[14],"conflict":[17],"which":[18],"presaged":[19],"future":[21],"filled":[22],"with":[23],"horrible":[24],"new":[25,88,173],"weapons,":[26],"relentless":[27],"strategies,":[28],"and":[29,43,98,108,176],"terrible":[30],"loss":[31],"of":[32,36,59,75,96,121,143,157,208],"life.":[33],"characteristics":[35],"warfare":[38,60],"certainly":[39],"manifested":[40],"themselves":[41],"on":[42,205],"off":[44,53],"the":[45,54,57,63,73,81,93,122,141,155,200,206,223],"battlefield.":[46],"Those":[47],"changes":[48],"were":[49,115,152],"much":[50],"less":[51],"pronounced":[52],"battlefield,":[55,82],"where":[56],"reality":[58,156],"remained":[61],"largely":[62],"same":[64],"for":[65,72,178],"soldiers":[68,151,168],"it":[70,104],"had":[71,181],"veterans":[74,120],"America":[76,192],"s":[77],"previous":[78,163],"conflicts.":[79],"On":[80],"however,":[83],"making":[86],"demanded":[87],"tactics":[89],"that":[90,128,213],"significantly":[91],"changed":[92],"combat":[94,158],"experience":[95],"Northern":[97],"Southern":[99],"soldiers.":[100],"Some":[101],"men":[102],"found":[103],"difficult":[105],"to":[106,136],"adjust":[107],"lost":[109],"their":[110,126,179],"faith":[111],"in":[112,140,188,199],"what":[113],"they":[114],"fighting":[116],"for,":[117],"but":[118,212],"most":[119],"retained":[125],"belief":[127],"was":[130,193],"justifiable,":[132],"albeit":[133],"horrible,":[134],"solution":[135],"political":[137],"problems.":[138],"Caught":[139],"middle":[142],"quickly":[145],"changing":[146],"military":[147],"environment,":[148],"tested":[153],"by":[154],"more":[159],"terribly":[160],"than":[161],"any":[162],"American":[164],"warriors.":[165],"benefited":[169],"only":[170,194],"slightly":[171],"from":[172],"technology,":[174],"communications,":[175],"transportation,":[177],"society":[180],"not":[182,215],"yet":[183],"reached":[184],"an":[185],"accelerated":[186],"phase":[187],"its":[189],"development.":[191],"partially":[196],"industrialized":[197],"nation":[198],"1860s.":[201],"It":[202],"stood":[203],"poised":[204],"threshold":[207],"world":[209],"industrial":[210],"leadership,":[211],"would":[214],"occur":[216],"until":[217],"at":[218],"least":[219],"three":[220],"decades":[221],"after":[222],"war.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}