{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1468645148","doi":null,"title":"From Correlation to Causation","display_name":"From Correlation to Causation","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1468645148","mag":"1468645148"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1468645148","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=49204","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Feng Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4688-5604","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4688-5604"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4688-5604","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089560559","display_name":"Karim R. Lakhani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-8304","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-8304","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0193-007X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karim R. Lakhani","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-8304","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2245,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8463972,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.6753000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.6753000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation","score":0.21119999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.045099999755620956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"correlation","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality","display_name":"causality","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference","display_name":"causal inference","score":0.8799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166151441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4923601","display_name":"Causation","level":2,"score":0.518865704536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.4242556691169739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3476709723472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.296492338180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.23235145211219788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1468645148","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=49204","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":106,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17667543","https://openalex.org/W324024893","https://openalex.org/W565841141","https://openalex.org/W652112634","https://openalex.org/W1485640446","https://openalex.org/W1507552034","https://openalex.org/W1510454624","https://openalex.org/W1525850954","https://openalex.org/W1545398558","https://openalex.org/W1545424811","https://openalex.org/W1551442137","https://openalex.org/W1555849249","https://openalex.org/W1560489025","https://openalex.org/W1583265575","https://openalex.org/W1635186783","https://openalex.org/W1649434607","https://openalex.org/W1835750525","https://openalex.org/W1889283847","https://openalex.org/W1913666243","https://openalex.org/W1967085988","https://openalex.org/W1967149801","https://openalex.org/W1967304777","https://openalex.org/W1968099635","https://openalex.org/W1972142265","https://openalex.org/W1975931018","https://openalex.org/W1976084607","https://openalex.org/W1976283094","https://openalex.org/W1977245446","https://openalex.org/W1979499502","https://openalex.org/W1979684922","https://openalex.org/W1983461362","https://openalex.org/W1984542357","https://openalex.org/W1985757076","https://openalex.org/W1987346551","https://openalex.org/W1991847152","https://openalex.org/W1994716946","https://openalex.org/W1995244714","https://openalex.org/W2000339266","https://openalex.org/W2000678940","https://openalex.org/W2003719123","https://openalex.org/W2004314923","https://openalex.org/W2004678494","https://openalex.org/W2006321868","https://openalex.org/W2009575342","https://openalex.org/W2009783520","https://openalex.org/W2010965145","https://openalex.org/W2011912935","https://openalex.org/W2013973825","https://openalex.org/W2019330877","https://openalex.org/W2023427658","https://openalex.org/W2025606236","https://openalex.org/W2025849091","https://openalex.org/W2029136325","https://openalex.org/W2037179040","https://openalex.org/W2037621441","https://openalex.org/W2045582876","https://openalex.org/W2049460231","https://openalex.org/W2050345547","https://openalex.org/W2059103597","https://openalex.org/W2059190311","https://openalex.org/W2060067137","https://openalex.org/W2061944708","https://openalex.org/W2065100534","https://openalex.org/W2066861312","https://openalex.org/W2068411454","https://openalex.org/W2069083348","https://openalex.org/W2069373327","https://openalex.org/W2070547493","https://openalex.org/W2070831760","https://openalex.org/W2072950423","https://openalex.org/W2073194342","https://openalex.org/W2074389119","https://openalex.org/W2075177970","https://openalex.org/W2079680569","https://openalex.org/W2082804553","https://openalex.org/W2085702771","https://openalex.org/W2087769076","https://openalex.org/W2089422349","https://openalex.org/W2093585493","https://openalex.org/W2096136751","https://openalex.org/W2097981379","https://openalex.org/W2100410614","https://openalex.org/W2105197987","https://openalex.org/W2105839853","https://openalex.org/W2108690261","https://openalex.org/W2123784689","https://openalex.org/W2129728917","https://openalex.org/W2140693382","https://openalex.org/W2142879838","https://openalex.org/W2151150093","https://openalex.org/W2152825552","https://openalex.org/W2152859477","https://openalex.org/W2154273978","https://openalex.org/W2154948520","https://openalex.org/W2156872475","https://openalex.org/W2159164336","https://openalex.org/W2162700652","https://openalex.org/W2167105480","https://openalex.org/W2169251089","https://openalex.org/W2169905193","https://openalex.org/W2237993566","https://openalex.org/W2293513474","https://openalex.org/W2415240196","https://openalex.org/W2425213308","https://openalex.org/W2440122543","https://openalex.org/W2510348868"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096540386","https://openalex.org/W1660594717","https://openalex.org/W188461052","https://openalex.org/W2175387486","https://openalex.org/W603157325","https://openalex.org/W2912315269","https://openalex.org/W2593247023","https://openalex.org/W7077453547","https://openalex.org/W7100942031","https://openalex.org/W7119514322"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}