{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1454926625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3899259","title":"Leafy Spurge Control with Herbicides in North Dakota: 20-Year Summary","display_name":"Leafy Spurge Control with Herbicides in North Dakota: 20-Year Summary","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1454926625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3899259","mag":"1454926625"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/3899259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3899259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3899259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13128014","display_name":"Journal of Range Management","issn_l":"0022-409X","issn":["0022-409X","2162-2728"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315944","host_organization_name":"University of Arizona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315944"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Arizona"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Range Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/645519/1/7824-7705-1-PB.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034528948","display_name":"Rodney G. Lym","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. G. Lym","raw_affiliation_strings":["professor of agronomy, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"professor of agronomy, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113556788","display_name":"Calvin G. Messersmith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Calvin G. Messersmith","raw_affiliation_strings":["professor of agronomy, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"professor of agronomy, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1337,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85695973,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"2","first_page":"149","last_page":"149"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11180","display_name":"Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13591","display_name":"Pasture and Agricultural Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leafy-spurge","display_name":"Euphorbia esula","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-weed-control","display_name":"chemical weed control","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2-4-d","display_name":"2,4-D","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dicamba","display_name":"dicamba","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/picloram","display_name":"picloram","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glyphosate","display_name":"glyphosate","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbicide-formulation","display_name":"herbicide formulation","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-timing","display_name":"application timing","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rangeland-weeds","display_name":"rangeland weeds","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pasture-weeds","display_name":"pasture weeds","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/windbreaks","display_name":"windbreaks","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spot-treatment","display_name":"spot treatment","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-dakota","display_name":"North Dakota","score":0.9259999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781451354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508901","display_name":"Leafy","level":2,"score":0.8611102104187012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5043298006057739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147273371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2739141","display_name":"Weed control","level":2,"score":0.47033509612083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.44820690155029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.4263719916343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.40874940156936646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.37707820534706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.3516845405101776}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/3899259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3899259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3899259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13128014","display_name":"Journal of Range Management","issn_l":"0022-409X","issn":["0022-409X","2162-2728"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315944","host_organization_name":"University of Arizona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315944"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Arizona"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Range Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/645519","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/645519","pdf_url":"https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/645519/1/7824-7705-1-PB.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400271","display_name":"UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","host_organization_name":"University of Arizona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"149-154","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:library.ndsu.edu:10365/2995","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10365/2995","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401374","display_name":"NDSU Repository (North Dakota State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","host_organization_name":"North Dakota State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Part of Purge Spurge, the leafy spurge database compiled by Team Leafy Spurge of the USDA Agricultural Research Service. Version 4, 2002, CD-ROM","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/645519","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/645519","pdf_url":"https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/10150/645519/1/7824-7705-1-PB.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400271","display_name":"UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","host_organization_name":"University of Arizona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"149-154","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.875,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1454926625.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1454926625.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244201620","https://openalex.org/W3194982648","https://openalex.org/W2507454660","https://openalex.org/W1543917981","https://openalex.org/W232290069","https://openalex.org/W6987386056","https://openalex.org/W783405640","https://openalex.org/W992860479","https://openalex.org/W747389023","https://openalex.org/W2274641465"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Leafy":[0],"spurge":[1,22,56,89,119,134,198],"(Euphorbia":[2],"esula":[3],"L.)":[4],"control":[5,23,69,120,131,148,194],"by":[6],"herbicides":[7],"can":[8],"vary":[9],"from":[10,20,42],"year":[11,13,201],"to":[12,15,62],"due":[14],"changing":[16],"environmental":[17],"conditions.":[18],"Data":[19],"leafy":[21,55,88,118,133,183,197],"experimental":[24],"and":[25,37,48,73,81,102,178,204],"demonstrational":[26],"plots":[27],"with":[28,160,182],"2,4-D[(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic":[29],"acid],":[30],"dicamba":[31,161],"(3,6-dichloro-o-anisic":[32],"acid),":[33],"picloram":[34,163],"(4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic":[35],"acid)":[36],"glyphosate":[38,186],"[N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]":[39],"were":[40],"combined":[41],"1963":[43],"through":[44],"1982.":[45],"The":[46],"amine":[47],"ester":[49],"formulations":[50],"of":[51,132,140,144,195],"2,4-D":[52,58,83,152],"provided":[53,65],"similar":[54],"control.":[57,90],"at":[59,111,125,153,164,187],"rates":[60],"up":[61],"4.5":[63],"kg/ha":[64,113,127,155,166,189],"less":[66,157],"than":[67],"40%":[68],"after":[70],"1":[71,122,200],"year,":[72],"annual":[74],"(spring":[75,80],"or":[76,78,142,156,162,167,190],"fall)":[77,82],"biannual":[79],"applications":[84],"did":[85],"not":[86],"increase":[87],"Dicamba":[91,110],"was":[92,114,149,158],"most":[93],"effective":[94],"as":[95,103,205],"a":[96,104,206],"liquid":[97],"formulation":[98,106,141],"when":[99,107,151],"spring":[100],"applied":[101,159],"granular":[105],"fall":[108],"applied.":[109],"9.0":[112],"required":[115],"for":[116,121,135,199],"satisfactory":[117],"year.":[123],"Picloram":[124],"2.2":[126],"gave":[128,192],"over":[129],"90%":[130],"2":[136],"growing":[137],"seasons":[138],"regardless":[139],"time":[143],"application.":[145],"Synergistic":[146],"weed":[147],"observed":[150],"1.1":[154],"0.6":[165],"less.":[168],"These":[169],"synergistic":[170],"herbicide":[171],"combinations":[172],"are":[173],"economical":[174],"on":[175],"many":[176],"pasture":[177],"rangeland":[179],"sites":[180],"infested":[181],"spurge.":[184],"Fall-applied":[185],"0.8":[188],"more":[191],"good":[193],"established":[196],"in":[202],"shelterbelts":[203],"spot":[207],"treatment.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
