{"id":"https://openalex.org/W14490754","doi":null,"title":"Social Interaction Differences between Chinese and Americans","display_name":"Social Interaction Differences between Chinese and Americans","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W14490754","mag":"14490754"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:14490754","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-51103421/social-interaction-differences-between-chinese-and","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736500114","display_name":"Psychology science","issn_l":"1614-9947","issn":["1614-9947"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313691","host_organization_name":"Pabst Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313691"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pabst Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Psychologische Beitr\u00e4ge","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034498817","display_name":"Rosina C. Chia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosina C. Chia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050324755","display_name":"Linda J. Allred","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linda J. Allred","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111417872","display_name":"B. S. Cheng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. S. Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011011668","display_name":"Chih-Chun Chuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0315-1223","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0315-1223"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Chun Chuang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0315-1223","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00445946,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":null,"first_page":"84","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11454","display_name":"Cultural Differences and Values","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11454","display_name":"Cultural Differences and Values","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14031","display_name":"Global and Cross-Cultural Management","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-group-and-out-group","display_name":"in-group and out-group","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/locus-of-control","display_name":"locus of control","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-americans","display_name":"Chinese Americans","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-cultural-comparison","display_name":"cross-cultural comparison","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collectivist-culture","display_name":"collectivist culture","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individualistic-culture","display_name":"individualistic culture","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpersonal-relationships","display_name":"interpersonal relationships","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-learning-theory","display_name":"social learning theory","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-perception","display_name":"self-perception","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confucianism","display_name":"Confucianism","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-concept","display_name":"self-concept","score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-status","display_name":"social status","score":0.3109999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96420161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237789","display_name":"Collectivism","level":3,"score":0.7052809596061707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.6769150495529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170798268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q534589","display_name":"Locus of control","level":2,"score":0.6200329065322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6186686158180237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.5175485014915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17022365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171995","display_name":"Individualism","level":2,"score":0.4679027497768402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91034043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223642","display_name":"Interpersonal relationship","level":2,"score":0.4546507000923157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180872759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874405","display_name":"Social group","level":2,"score":0.4499805271625519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.43191269040107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125209646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338878","display_name":"Cultural diversity","level":2,"score":0.41850683093070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3289934992790222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.28680533170700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.15327468514442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:14490754","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-51103421/social-interaction-differences-between-chinese-and","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736500114","display_name":"Psychology science","issn_l":"1614-9947","issn":["1614-9947"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313691","host_organization_name":"Pabst Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313691"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pabst Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Psychologische Beitr\u00e4ge","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366646863","https://openalex.org/W3033510914","https://openalex.org/W1530772096","https://openalex.org/W2355796045","https://openalex.org/W2291160930","https://openalex.org/W2355385056","https://openalex.org/W2248394077","https://openalex.org/W7139000627","https://openalex.org/W2384412922","https://openalex.org/W2065837156"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,407,487],"current":[1],"study":[2,27],"is":[3,78,120,153,158,203,208,215,272,302,357,367,393,420,531,537,559,570,605],"an":[4,219],"extension":[5],"of":[6,21,35,37,56,71,105,115,128,135,147,195,218,248,262,300,308,315,324,339,428,442,451,489,583],"a":[7,40,209,319,462,476,483,521,535,615],"paper":[8],"presented":[9],"in":[10,33,237,275,289,312,321,360,492,500,515,541,546,556,606],"1996":[11],"at":[12],"ICP":[13],"(Chia":[14],"et":[15,140,177,436],"al.":[16,437],"1997)":[17],"on":[18,395,422,527],"the":[19,53,98,113,132,193,243,246,257,260,267,270,276,297,305,313,322,335,354,361,364,429,516,542,547,554,575,581,598,607],"comparison":[20],"Chinese":[22,60,76,110,298,390,458,471,490],"and":[23,65,83,111,117,166,198,213,233,252,256,326,343,363,398,454,506,508,553,562,609],"Americans.":[24,466],"In":[25,97,577],"that":[26,46,206,440,457,470,544,600],"we":[28,101,432,455],"examined":[29,102],"social":[30,41,263],"interaction":[31],"differences":[32,108,187],"terms":[34],"locus":[36,55],"control":[38,58,82,86],"from":[39,168,380,414,434],"learning":[42],"perspective.":[43],"We":[44,182,467],"proposed":[45],"Americans":[47,411],"tend":[48,61,473],"to":[49,62,160,171,192,279,318,369,403,416,474,574,580],"perceive":[50,63],"self":[271,316],"as":[52,69,375,572,587,614],"sole":[54],"internal":[57,72,81,85],"while":[59],"close":[66,291],"in-group":[67,116,292,325,336,365,391,408,464],"members":[293,328,409,441,448],"loci":[70],"control,":[73],"thus":[74],"for":[75,329,410,425],"there":[77,184],"both":[79],"direct":[80],"indirect":[84],"through":[87],"certain":[88],"other":[89,290],"individuals.":[90],"Our":[91],"data":[92],"supported":[93],"this":[94,568],"basic":[95],"hypothesis.":[96],"present":[99],"study,":[100],"another":[103],"aspect":[104],"interpersonal":[106,129],"relationship":[107,130],"between":[109,590],"Americans,":[112,334],"concept":[114],"out-group.":[118,478,576],"There":[119],"extensive":[121],"literature":[122],"which":[123],"talks":[124],"about":[125,149],"two":[126,331],"levels":[127],"surrounding":[131],"individual,":[133],"regardless":[134],"culture":[136,221],"(Borgadus,":[137],"1950;":[138],"Tajfel":[139],"al.,":[141,178],"1981,":[142,283],"1986).":[143],"In-groups":[144],"are":[145,185,524,550],"groups":[146],"people":[148,379,510,545],"whose":[150],"welfare":[151],"one":[152,157,347],"concerned,":[154],"with":[155,190,495],"whom":[156,169,346],"willing":[159],"cooperate":[161],"without":[162],"demanding":[163],"equitable":[164],"returns,":[165],"separation":[167],"leads":[170,317],"discomfort":[172],"or":[173,288,377],"even":[174,378],"pain":[175],"(Triandis":[176],"1988,":[179,230],"p.":[180],"75).":[181],"propose":[183],"dynamic":[186],"across":[188],"cultures":[189,235,444],"respect":[191],"make-up":[194,323],"these":[196,330],"in-groups":[197],"out-groups":[199],"(Chia,":[200],"1997).":[201],"It":[202],"well":[204],"established":[205],"China":[207,479],"typical":[210],"collectivist":[211],"culture,":[212],"America":[214],"more":[216,371,405],"representative":[217],"individualistic":[220,234,452],"(Hofstede,":[222],"1980,1991;":[223],"Hui":[224],"&":[225],"Triandis,":[226,228],"1986;":[227],"1987,":[229],"1995).":[231],"Collectivist":[232],"differ":[236,433],"many":[238],"significant":[239],"ways.":[240],"For":[241,333,352],"example,":[242],"former":[244],"emphasizes":[245,259],"importance":[247,261],"individuality,":[249],"independence,":[250],"autonomy":[251],"self-identity":[253],"(Sampson,":[254],"1988),":[255],"latter":[258],"relations":[264,397],"rather":[265],"than":[266,304,449,465],"self,":[362],"because":[269,418],"always":[273,481],"imbedded":[274],"family,":[277],"similar":[278],"Confucian":[280],"tradition":[281],"(Hsu,":[282,383],"1988;":[284,384],"Lin,":[285,385],"1936,":[286],"1938),":[287],"(Ho,":[294],"1998).":[295],"Consequently":[296],"perception":[299,307,314,543,599],"broader":[303],"American":[306],"self.":[309],"This":[310,530],"difference":[311,320],"out-group":[327,608],"cultures.":[332],"usually":[337],"consists":[338],"one's":[340,381,423,551],"immediate":[341,355],"family":[342,356],"those":[344,450],"toward":[345],"has":[348,480],"strong":[349],"positive":[350],"affect.":[351],"Chinese,":[353],"already":[358],"included":[359],"membership":[366,392,419],"extended":[368],"include":[370],"distant":[372],"relatives":[373],"such":[374,586],"cousins,":[376],"hometown":[382],"1936;":[386],"Tu,":[387],"1991).":[388],"Since":[389],"based":[394,421],"blood":[396],"geographical":[399],"locations,":[400],"it":[401],"tends":[402],"be":[404,611],"stable.":[406],"can":[412,592],"change":[413],"time":[415,417],"affect":[424],"them.":[426],"Because":[427],"above":[430],"rationale,":[431],"Triandis":[435],"(1988)":[438],"view":[439],"collectivistic":[443],"have":[445,461,475],"fewer":[446],"ingroup":[447],"cultures,":[453],"suggest":[456],"will":[459],"actually":[460],"larger":[463,477],"further":[468,596],"predict":[469],"also":[472],"been":[482],"predominantly":[484],"agricultural":[485],"society.":[486],"majority":[488],"live":[491,499,511],"rural":[493],"areas,":[494],"mountainous":[496],"terrain.":[497],"People":[498,519],"farming":[501],"villages":[502,591],"separated":[503],"by":[504],"mountains":[505],"rivers,":[507],"most":[509],"their":[512],"entire":[513],"lives":[514],"same":[517,548],"village.":[518],"within":[520,534],"small":[522],"community":[523],"very":[525,560,594],"dependent":[526],"each":[528],"other.":[529],"why":[532],"cohesiveness":[533],"village":[536,549,604],"so":[538],"high,":[539],"resulting":[540],"in-group,":[552],"boundary":[569],"Lewinian":[557],"sense,":[558],"thick":[561],"not":[563],"easily":[564],"penetrated.":[565],"Anyone":[566],"outside":[567,602],"perceived":[571],"belonging":[573],"addition,":[578],"due":[579],"lack":[582],"natural":[584],"resources":[585],"water,":[588],"competition":[589],"become":[593],"severe,":[595],"strengthening":[597],"anyone":[601],"my":[603],"should":[610],"treated":[612],"aggressively":[613],"competitor.":[616],"\u2026":[617]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}