{"id":"https://openalex.org/W144183690","doi":null,"title":"Finding query suggestions for PubMed.","display_name":"Finding query suggestions for PubMed.","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W144183690","mag":"144183690","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20351887","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2815412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2815412","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2815412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AMIA Annu Symp Proc","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2815412","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083081872","display_name":"Zhiyong Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9998-916X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9998-916X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8301-9553"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800548410","display_name":"United States National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyong Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800548410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111895206","display_name":"W. John Wilbur","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W John Wilbur","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055576279","display_name":"Johanna McEntyre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1611-6935","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1611-6935"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johanna R McEntyre","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054448877","display_name":"Alexey Iskhakov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexey Iskhakov","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008325153","display_name":"Lee Szilagyi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee Szilagyi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6893,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93614251,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2009","issue":null,"first_page":"396","last_page":"400"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-suggestion","display_name":"query suggestion","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-reformulation","display_name":"query rewriting","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-log-analysis","display_name":"query log analysis","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-needs","display_name":"information needs","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/click-through-data","display_name":"click-through data","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usage-analysis","display_name":"usage analysis","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-literature-search","display_name":"biomedical literature retrieval","score":0.5320000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8492856025695801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.7471081614494324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5984519720077515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5467896461486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.519006609916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99016210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5488129","display_name":"Query expansion","level":2,"score":0.510716438293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192028432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845739","display_name":"Query language","level":2,"score":0.4630482494831085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78999398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2899888","display_name":"Information needs","level":2,"score":0.46254631876945496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118689300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978614","display_name":"Web query classification","level":4,"score":0.4512176513671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.4274716377258301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.3418607711791992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3242354094982147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3220675587654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D039781","descriptor_name":"PubMed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D046650","descriptor_name":"Medical Subject Headings","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2815412","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2815412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AMIA Annu Symp Proc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:20351887","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20351887","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:144183690","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20351887","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2815412","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2815412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AMIA Annu Symp Proc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532325895","https://openalex.org/W1982889956","https://openalex.org/W2024869911","https://openalex.org/W2098146716","https://openalex.org/W2099766011","https://openalex.org/W2163303745","https://openalex.org/W2170741935","https://openalex.org/W2171161922","https://openalex.org/W2171683557","https://openalex.org/W2407295445"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2166560943","https://openalex.org/W2996063066","https://openalex.org/W7096098600","https://openalex.org/W2010727036","https://openalex.org/W2786476437","https://openalex.org/W7095657612","https://openalex.org/W7095744426","https://openalex.org/W3182786976","https://openalex.org/W2163303745","https://openalex.org/W2138067727"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,59,115,127],"common":[2],"for":[3],"PubMed":[4,40,99],"users":[5,23,83],"to":[6,17,51],"repeatedly":[7],"modify":[8],"their":[9,18,26,85],"queries":[10,70],"(search":[11],"terms)":[12],"before":[13],"retrieving":[14],"documents":[15],"relevant":[16],"information":[19,86],"needs.":[20],"To":[21],"assist":[22],"in":[24,39,49,88,139],"reformulating":[25],"queries,":[27],"we":[28],"report":[29],"the":[30,52,73,112,123],"implementation":[31],"and":[32,65,120],"usage":[33],"analysis":[34,64],"of":[35,81,122],"a":[36,79,89,135],"new":[37,113,137],"component":[38],"called":[41],"Related":[42],"Queries,":[43],"which":[44],"automatically":[45],"produces":[46],"query":[47,62],"suggestions":[48],"response":[50],"original":[53],"user's":[54],"input.":[55],"The":[56],"proposed":[57],"method":[58],"based":[60],"on":[61,67],"log":[63],"focuses":[66],"finding":[68],"popular":[69,136],"that":[71,109,130],"contain":[72],"initial":[74],"user":[75],"search":[76],"term":[77],"with":[78],"goal":[80],"helping":[82],"describe":[84],"needs":[87],"more":[90],"precise":[91],"manner.":[92],"This":[93],"work":[94],"has":[95,132],"been":[96],"integrated":[97],"into":[98],"since":[100],"January":[101],"2009.":[102],"Automatic":[103],"assessment":[104],"using":[105],"clickthrough":[106],"data":[107],"show":[108],"each":[110],"day,":[111],"feature":[114,138],"used":[116],"consistently":[117],"between":[118],"6%":[119],"10%":[121],"time":[124],"when":[125],"it":[126,131],"shown,":[128],"suggesting":[129],"quickly":[133],"become":[134],"PubMed.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
