{"id":"https://openalex.org/W143874995","doi":null,"title":"The Teacher Altruism Scale: Development, Validity and Reliability","display_name":"The Teacher Altruism Scale: Development, Validity and Reliability","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W143874995","mag":"143874995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:143874995","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2007-01111-011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175388953","display_name":"Educational Sciences Theory & Practice","issn_l":"1303-0485","issn":["1303-0485","2148-7561","2630-5984"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4328135273","host_organization_name":"EDAM-Education Consultancy Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4328135273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDAM-Education Consultancy Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Educational Sciences Theory & Practice","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2007-01111-011","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072372679","display_name":"Hal\u00fbk Yavuzer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112471","display_name":"Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzn5f42","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","display_name":"Istanbul University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a5qrr21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hal\u00fbk Yavuzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul University, Hasan Ali Yucel Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul University, Hasan Ali Yucel Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471","https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014176228","display_name":"Esra \u0130\u015fmen Gazio\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1293-5183","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1293-5183"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112471","display_name":"Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzn5f42","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","display_name":"Istanbul University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a5qrr21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esra \u0130\u015fmen-Gaz\u0131o\u011flu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul University, Hasan Ali Yucel Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul University, Hasan Ali Yucel Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471","https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035128549","display_name":"Yildiz Arma\u011fan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112471","display_name":"Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzn5f42","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","display_name":"Istanbul University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a5qrr21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yildiz Arma\u011fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul University, Hasan Ali Yucel Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul University, Hasan Ali Yucel Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471","https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077184033","display_name":"\u0130lkay Dem\u0131r","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-2557","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-2557"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112471","display_name":"Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzn5f42","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","display_name":"Istanbul University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a5qrr21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0130lkay Dem\u0131r","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul University, Hasan Ali Yucel Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-2557","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul University, Hasan Ali Yucel Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471","https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039347055","display_name":"Filiz Me\u015feci","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112471","display_name":"Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzn5f42","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","display_name":"Istanbul University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a5qrr21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filiz Me\u015fec\u0131","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul University, Hasan Ali Yucel Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul University, Hasan Ali Yucel Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471","https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074181399","display_name":"Ay\u015feg\u00fcl K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7aslan \u00c7elikkol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6720-7167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6720-7167"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112471","display_name":"Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzn5f42","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","display_name":"Istanbul University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a5qrr21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ay\u015feg\u00fcl Kili\u00e7aslan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul University, Hasan Ali Yucel Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul University, Hasan Ali Yucel Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471","https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034533881","display_name":"\u00c7are Sertelin Mercan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5594-1196","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5594-1196"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","display_name":"Istanbul University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a5qrr21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c7are Sertel\u0131n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul University, Hasan Ali Yucel Faculty of Education, Department of Primary Education, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul University, Hasan Ali Yucel Faculty of Education, Department of Primary Education, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"964","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13305","display_name":"Teacher Professional Development and Motivation","score":0.1956000030040741,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13305","display_name":"Teacher Professional Development and Motivation","score":0.1956000030040741,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.164900004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11120","display_name":"Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering","score":0.09269999712705612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altruism","display_name":"altruism","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teachers","display_name":"teachers","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/helping-behavior","display_name":"helping behavior","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prosocial-behavior","display_name":"prosocial behavior","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-development","display_name":"scale development","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometric-properties","display_name":"psychometric properties","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criterion-validity","display_name":"criterion validity","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-retest-reliability","display_name":"test-retest reliability","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-consistency","display_name":"internal consistency","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-motivation","display_name":"teacher motivation","score":0.4189999997615814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780279448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2559380","display_name":"Altruism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.8562524318695068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7857887744903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96715788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1304639","display_name":"Guttman scale","level":2,"score":0.7006960511207581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.6997309327125549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158608086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990613","display_name":"Prosocial behavior","level":2,"score":0.6922124028205872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6178295016288757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5820338129997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207546712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5710255","display_name":"Helping behavior","level":2,"score":0.5776300430297852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116211729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5372350","display_name":"Test validity","level":3,"score":0.509166419506073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.27783334255218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.2564985156059265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:143874995","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2007-01111-011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175388953","display_name":"Educational Sciences Theory & Practice","issn_l":"1303-0485","issn":["1303-0485","2148-7561","2630-5984"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4328135273","host_organization_name":"EDAM-Education Consultancy Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4328135273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDAM-Education Consultancy Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Educational Sciences Theory & Practice","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:143874995","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2007-01111-011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175388953","display_name":"Educational Sciences Theory & Practice","issn_l":"1303-0485","issn":["1303-0485","2148-7561","2630-5984"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4328135273","host_organization_name":"EDAM-Education Consultancy Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4328135273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDAM-Education Consultancy Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Educational Sciences Theory & Practice","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25194426","https://openalex.org/W985318048","https://openalex.org/W1528984372","https://openalex.org/W1694863721","https://openalex.org/W1725715840","https://openalex.org/W1964157682","https://openalex.org/W1968489949","https://openalex.org/W1971467540","https://openalex.org/W1977129261","https://openalex.org/W1977496263","https://openalex.org/W1983806719","https://openalex.org/W1994205665","https://openalex.org/W2004410078","https://openalex.org/W2010627252","https://openalex.org/W2010782254","https://openalex.org/W2016572290","https://openalex.org/W2032671313","https://openalex.org/W2039393480","https://openalex.org/W2040099497","https://openalex.org/W2045506564","https://openalex.org/W2049509024","https://openalex.org/W2057655151","https://openalex.org/W2057753003","https://openalex.org/W2062366653","https://openalex.org/W2101441610","https://openalex.org/W2110421605","https://openalex.org/W2110472749","https://openalex.org/W2112078322","https://openalex.org/W2122296785","https://openalex.org/W2131490687","https://openalex.org/W2165314598","https://openalex.org/W2170713350","https://openalex.org/W2479031825","https://openalex.org/W2996282437"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7216215872","https://openalex.org/W7216582417","https://openalex.org/W2913915970","https://openalex.org/W7127799194","https://openalex.org/W2993912608","https://openalex.org/W2912115909","https://openalex.org/W6995962741","https://openalex.org/W4298176461","https://openalex.org/W2992769346","https://openalex.org/W2980610429"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,75,84,237,510,536,571],"aim":[2,511],"of":[3,67,78,89,97,109,188,249,280,389,392,444,484,512,561,575],"the":[4,22,35,48,51,68,79,90,98,106,110,120,186,247,250,254,262,291,322,364,387,405,476,481,485,542,562],"present":[5],"study":[6,544],"is":[7,81,92,101,133,154,179,211,258,266,286],"to":[8,33,150,208,214,259,287,340,361,450,516,547,568],"develop":[9,517],"a":[10,134,307,518],"self":[11],"report":[12],"scale":[13,80,91,111,520],"measuring":[14,521],"teachers'":[15,472,522],"altruistic":[16,382,390,407,445,473,505,523],"behaviors.":[17,524],"359":[18],"teachers":[19,125,586],"participated":[20],"in":[21,40,217,246,290,306,321,345,373,553,558,589,596],"pre-test,":[23],"criterion":[24,49],"validity":[25,29],"and":[26,115,129,143,175,242,261,273,312,331,376,397,437,455,468,491,555,578,592],"test":[27,34,47],"re-test":[28,95],"studies.":[30],"Factor":[31],"analysis,":[32],"structural":[36],"validity,":[37,50],"was":[38,56,112,409,515,539,545,573],"resulted":[39],"4":[41],"factors":[42,123],"with":[43,182,310,496],"18":[44],"items.":[45],"To":[46],"Altruism":[52,132,178],"Scale":[53],"(Akbaba,":[54],"1994)":[55],"used":[57,136],"as":[58,169,196,221,228,278,296],"an":[59,158],"external":[60,159],"criterion.":[61],"Results":[62,103,402],"showed":[63],"that":[64,105,119,404,434,538],"total":[65,99,563],"scores":[66],"two":[69],"scales":[70,477],"correlated":[71],"(r":[72],"=":[73],"0.60).":[74],"internal":[76],"consistency":[77],"\u03b1":[82],"=0,73.":[83],"Guttman":[85],"split":[86],"half":[87],"coefficient":[88],"=0,78.":[93],"Test":[94],"correlation":[96],"score":[100],"0,88.":[102],"revealed":[104,403],"psychometric":[107],"properties":[108],"sufficient.":[113],"Scott":[114],"Dinham":[116],"(1999)":[117],"stated":[118],"strongest":[121],"motivational":[122],"for":[124,137,223,294,343,541],"are":[126,141,275,304,333,337,453,534],"altruism,":[127],"commitment":[128],"personal":[130],"improvement.":[131],"concept":[135,187],"identifying":[138],"individuals":[139],"who":[140,427],"self-sacrificing":[142],"directing":[144],"their":[145,349],"concern":[146],"toward":[147],"others.":[148,177],"According":[149],"some":[151],"theoreticians,":[152],"altruism":[153,168,243,452,495],"helping":[155,170,183,206,229,240],"others":[156,171,216,263],"without":[157,172],"award":[160],"(Macaulay":[161],"&":[162,234,465],"Berkowitz,":[163],"1970).":[164],"Mayers":[165],"(1993)":[166],"defined":[167,195,227],"any":[173],"expectations":[174],"concerning":[176],"discussed":[180],"together":[181],"behavior":[184,207,230,241,391,506],"under":[185],"prosocial":[189],"behavior.":[190,446],"Helping":[191],"behaviors":[192,474],"can":[193,225,487],"be":[194,226,341,488,569],"maintaining":[197],"others'":[198],"welfare,":[199],"wellness,":[200],"or":[201,301,359],"supporting":[202],"them.":[203,429],"In":[204,352,527],"order":[205],"occur,":[209],"it":[210],"not":[212,267,276,457],"necessary":[213],"help":[215,260,289,344],"person.":[218],"Behaviors":[219],"such":[220,281],"donating,":[222],"example,":[224,295],"(Schroeder,":[231],"Penner,":[232],"Dovido":[233],"Piliavin,":[235],"1995).":[236],"difference":[238],"between":[239,582],"appears":[244],"mostly":[245],"quality":[248],"support":[251],"provided":[252],"by":[253,475],"ones":[255],"whose":[256,264,284],"job":[257,265,285],"(Bierhoff,":[268],"1991).":[269],"Although":[270],"teachers,":[271,551],"doctors,":[272],"priests":[274],"considered":[277],"part":[279],"professional":[282,317],"groups":[283,318,533],"provide":[288],"case":[292],"of,":[293],"social":[297,311,374,393,398,410,435],"workers,":[298],"psychologists,":[299],"psychotherapists,":[300],"counselors,":[302],"they":[303,336,355],"inevitably":[305],"close":[308],"relationship":[309],"psycho-social":[313],"care":[314],"sectors.":[315],"These":[316],"specifically":[319],"work":[320],"areas":[323,378],"where":[324],"health,":[325],"social,":[326],"legal,":[327],"educational":[328],"problems,":[329],"crises":[330,347,362],"conflicts":[332],"seen.":[334],"Furthermore,":[335],"usually":[338],"asked":[339],"available":[342],"possible":[346],"during":[348],"working":[350,372,552,588,595],"hours.":[351],"this":[353,369,513,528],"situation,":[354],"almost":[356],"directly":[357],"intervene":[358],"guide":[360],"all":[363],"time":[365],"(Nestman,1991).":[366],"Taken":[367],"from":[368],"perspective,":[370],"people":[371],"services":[375],"related":[377,438],"may":[379,440],"have":[380,441,507],"higher":[381],"tendencies.":[383],"Sawyer":[384],"(1966)":[385],"studied":[386,471,494],"differences":[388,460],"sciences,":[394],"business":[395,419],"graduate,":[396],"service":[399,411,414],"(YMCA)":[400],"students.":[401,412],"most":[406],"group":[408],"Social":[413,423],"students":[415,420,425],"helped":[416,421,426],"everyone":[417],"but":[418],"themselves.":[422],"science":[424],"needed":[428],"Research":[430],"mentioned":[431,478],"above":[432],"show":[433],"sciences":[436],"occupations":[439],"different":[442,531],"levels":[443],"However,":[447],"instruments":[448],"aiming":[449],"evaluate":[451],"limited":[454],"do":[456],"consider":[458],"occupational":[459],"(London,":[461],"Bower,1968;":[462],"Rushton,":[463],"Chrisjohn":[464],"Fekken,1981).":[466],"Mohan":[467],"Bhatia":[469],"(1987)":[470],"above.":[479],"Yet,":[480],"sample":[482,532,572],"size":[483],"research":[486,514],"criticized.":[489],"Ismen":[490],"Yildiz":[492],"(2005)":[493],"teacher":[497,504],"candidates.":[498],"No":[499],"relevant":[500],"studies":[501],"focusing":[502],"on":[503],"been":[508],"found.":[509],"self-report":[519],"Method":[525],"Sample":[526],"study,":[529],"3":[530],"used.":[535],"form":[537],"prepared":[540],"pilot":[543],"administered":[546],"randomly":[548],"selected":[549],"308":[550],"primary":[554],"secondary":[556],"schools":[557,591],"Istanbul.":[559],"Out":[560],"273":[564],"forms":[565],"were":[566,587,594],"found":[567],"usable.":[570],"consisted":[574],"173":[576],"women":[577],"100":[579],"men,":[580],"aged":[581],"23-62":[583],"years.":[584],"152":[585],"public":[590],"121":[593],"private":[597],"schools.":[598],"\u2026":[599]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
