{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1435311097","doi":null,"title":"The Regulation on Fuels and Fuel Additives under Section 211 of the Clean Air Act","display_name":"The Regulation on Fuels and Fuel Additives under Section 211 of the Clean Air Act","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1435311097","mag":"1435311097"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu:tlr-2275","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tlr/vol29/iss3/2","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tlr/vol29/iss3/2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Tulsa Law Review","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tlr/vol29/iss3/2","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Reitze","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87208437","display_name":"University of Tulsa","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn28048","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87208437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reitze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Tulsa,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Tulsa,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87208437"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"W.D. Arnold","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W.D. Arnold","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11795054,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"3","first_page":"485","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13916","display_name":"Environmental Policies and Emissions","score":0.322299987077713,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13916","display_name":"Environmental Policies and Emissions","score":0.322299987077713,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12185","display_name":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","score":0.2240000069141388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13758","display_name":"Energy Law and Policy","score":0.12630000710487366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-regulation","display_name":"fuel regulation","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-additives","display_name":"fuel additives","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federal-preemption","display_name":"federal preemption","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-emissions","display_name":"vehicle emissions","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaded-gasoline","display_name":"leaded gasoline","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-penalties","display_name":"civil penalties","score":0.5669999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780129039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931107","display_name":"Section (typography)","level":2,"score":0.744748592376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777404476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2978744","display_name":"Clean Air Act","level":3,"score":0.7181038856506348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.5024242401123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.47638362646102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.30985724925994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24414893984794617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.22581884264945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.14831310510635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.10881945490837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.043541550636291504}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu:tlr-2275","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tlr/vol29/iss3/2","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tlr/vol29/iss3/2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Tulsa Law Review","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1435311097","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2275&context=tlr","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764891088","display_name":"Tulsa law journal","issn_l":"0041-4050","issn":["0041-4050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316207","host_organization_name":"University of Tulsa College of Law","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316207"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Tulsa College of Law"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Tulsa law journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu:tlr-2275","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tlr/vol29/iss3/2","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tlr/vol29/iss3/2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Tulsa Law Review","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1435311097.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1435311097.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2587332321","https://openalex.org/W7027445107","https://openalex.org/W7014064113","https://openalex.org/W7045743469","https://openalex.org/W4243925545","https://openalex.org/W7017904627","https://openalex.org/W4210302268","https://openalex.org/W7064912763","https://openalex.org/W2093964981","https://openalex.org/W2185050836"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fuel":[0],"regulation":[1,198],"has":[2],"long":[3],"been":[4],"authorized":[5,16],"by":[6,62,123,202],"the":[7,17,40,51,102,105,113,170,173,197,211,223,237],"Clean":[8,287,324],"Air":[9,275,288,325],"Act":[10,277,289,326],"(\"CAA\").'":[11],"The":[12,205,243],"CAA":[13,42,80,135,155,207,338],"of":[14,19,53,66,75,162,172,199,216,278,290,328],"19632":[15],"Department":[18],"Health,":[20],"Education":[21],"and":[22,28,55,89,110,251,255],"Welfare":[23],"(\"HEW\")":[24],"to":[25,32,49,96,195,221,229,235,247,252],"evaluate":[26],"fuels":[27,54,88,130],"recommend":[29],"research":[30],"programs":[31],"prevent":[33,50,196],"air":[34,116],"pollution":[35,117],"from":[36,226],"motor":[37],"vehicle":[38],"exhaust.In":[39],"1967":[41],"amendments,":[43],"3":[44],"Congress":[45],"gave":[46],"HEW":[47,63],"authority":[48,114,213],"marketing":[52],"fuel":[56,90,132,165,167],"additives":[57,91,133,168],"unless":[58],"registration":[59,67],"conditions":[60],"imposed":[61],"were":[64],"met.Violation":[65],"requirements":[68],"could":[69,126,189],"have":[70],"resulted":[71],"in":[72,100],"civil":[73],"penalties":[74,94],"$1,000":[76],"per":[77,98],"day.The":[78],"1970":[79,154],"amendments":[81,208],"included":[82],"provisions":[83],"allowing,":[84],"but":[85],"not":[86],"requiring,":[87],"testing.4":[92],"Civil":[93],"increased":[95],"$10,000":[97],"day.Also":[99],"1970,":[101,291],"President":[103],"created":[104],"Environmental":[106],"Protection":[107],"Agency":[108],"(\"EPA\")":[109],"give":[111],"it":[112],"over":[115],"control":[118,127,150,182],"that":[119,180],"was":[120,143,152,183,193,219,245],"previously":[121],"exercised":[122],"HEW.The":[124],"EPA":[125,174,244],"or":[128,131,141,145,166,178,240],"prohibit":[129],"under":[134],"section":[136,156,217],"211(c)":[137,218],"if":[138,146],"public":[139,238],"health":[140,239],"welfare":[142],"endangered":[144],"an":[147],"automotive":[148],"emission":[149],"system":[151],"impaired.'The":[153],"211(c)(4)(A)":[157],"provided":[158],"for":[159,164],"federal":[160],"preemption":[161,191],"standards":[163,177],"when":[169],"Administrator":[171],"either":[175],"prescribed":[176],"found":[179],"no":[181],"necessary;":[184],"6":[185],"until":[186],"then":[187],"states":[188],"regulate.This":[190],"provision":[192],"used":[194],"lead":[200],"content":[201],"local":[203],"governments.7":[204],"1977":[206],"8":[209],"expanded":[210],"EPA's":[212],"further.The":[214],"language":[215],"altered":[220],"broaden":[222],"risk":[224],"component":[225],"\"which":[227,230],"endangers\"":[228],"may":[231],"reasonably":[232],"be":[233],"anticipated":[234],"endanger":[236],"welfare.\"":[241],"9":[242],"directed":[246],"promulgate":[248],"testing":[249],"regulations":[250],"test":[253],"existing":[254],"new":[256],"1.CAA":[257],"\u00a7":[258,264,304,312,339,345],"211":[259],"(codified":[260,341],"at":[261,300,309,342],"42":[262,302,310,343],"U.S.C.":[263,303,311,344],"7545":[265],"(1988":[266],"&":[267],"Supp.111991)).2.":[268],"Pub.L.":[269,280,292,330],"No.":[270,281,293,331],"88-206,":[271],"77":[272],"Stat.393":[273],"(1963).3.":[274],"Quality":[276],"1967,":[279],"90-148,":[282],"81":[283],"Stat.481,":[284],"502":[285],"(1967).4.":[286],"91-604,":[294],"84":[295],"Stat.1676,":[296],"1694":[297],"(1970).5.":[298],"Id.":[299],"1698-99.6.":[301],"1857":[305],"f-6c(c)(4)(A)":[306],"(1970)":[307],"(recodified":[308],"7545(c)(4)(A)":[313],"(1988)).7.Exxon":[314],"Corporation":[315],"v.":[316],"New":[317],"York,":[318],"548":[319],"F.2d":[320],"1088":[321],"(2d":[322],"Cir.1977).8.":[323],"Amendments":[327],"1977,":[329],"95-95,":[332],"91":[333],"Stat.685,":[334],"762":[335],"(1977).9.":[336],"See":[337],"211(c)(1)":[340],"7545(c)(1)":[346],"(Supp.111991)).":[347]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
