{"id":"https://openalex.org/W14337795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/004947558501500102","title":"Primary Health Care with Refugees","display_name":"Primary Health Care with Refugees","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W14337795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/004947558501500102","mag":"14337795","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3975999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/004947558501500102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/004947558501500102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/004947558501500102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45864524","display_name":"Tropical Doctor","issn_l":"0049-4755","issn":["0049-4755","1758-1133"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Doctor","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bruce Dick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Dick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Refugee Health Group Evaluation and Planning Centre London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Keppel Street, London WCIE 7HT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Refugee Health Group Evaluation and Planning Centre London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Keppel Street, London WCIE 7HT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083353606","display_name":"Stephanie P. Simmonds","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Simmonds","raw_affiliation_strings":["Refugee Health Group Evaluation and Planning Centre London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Keppel Street, London WCIE 7HT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Refugee Health Group Evaluation and Planning Centre London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Keppel Street, London WCIE 7HT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":39.3618,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99491652,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"2","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14226","display_name":"Migration, Racism, and Human Rights","score":0.5853999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14226","display_name":"Migration, Racism, and Human Rights","score":0.5853999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10762","display_name":"Migration, Health and Trauma","score":0.3617999851703644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14090","display_name":"Health and Conflict Studies","score":0.021900000050663948,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-care","display_name":"primary care","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refugees","display_name":"refugees","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refugee-camps","display_name":"refugee camps","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refugee-settlement","display_name":"refugee settlement","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-access","display_name":"health care access","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-equity","display_name":"health care equity","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-engagement","display_name":"community participation","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersectoral-collaboration","display_name":"intersectoral collaboration","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevention","display_name":"prevention","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-resource-allocation","display_name":"healthcare resource allocation","score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unhcr","display_name":"UNHCR","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-governmental-organizations","display_name":"non-governmental organizations","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host-government","display_name":"host government","score":0.5009999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173145845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131572","display_name":"Refugee","level":2,"score":0.9515167474746704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6255232095718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90734943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008777","display_name":"Conceptualization","level":2,"score":0.6114245653152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4515393078327179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.42640021443367004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4240071475505829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.41432827711105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.28921055793762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.16489773988723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11825546622276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0772925615310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003153","descriptor_name":"Community Health Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006297","descriptor_name":"Health Services Accessibility","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006301","descriptor_name":"Health Services Needs and Demand","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011314","descriptor_name":"Preventive Health Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011320","descriptor_name":"Primary Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011320","descriptor_name":"Primary Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012036","descriptor_name":"Refugees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/004947558501500102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/004947558501500102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/004947558501500102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45864524","display_name":"Tropical Doctor","issn_l":"0049-4755","issn":["0049-4755","1758-1133"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Doctor","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:3975999","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3975999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical doctor","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.5676000118255615,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90863661","https://openalex.org/W344271305","https://openalex.org/W1522338866","https://openalex.org/W2015988647","https://openalex.org/W2038235464","https://openalex.org/W2123991393","https://openalex.org/W2292631319","https://openalex.org/W2325040853","https://openalex.org/W2368574891","https://openalex.org/W2469084752","https://openalex.org/W3145814552","https://openalex.org/W4240166034"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W122173336","https://openalex.org/W2161148631","https://openalex.org/W3120199704","https://openalex.org/W217043879","https://openalex.org/W130293582","https://openalex.org/W2785701545","https://openalex.org/W2048252732","https://openalex.org/W123072576","https://openalex.org/W2072666088","https://openalex.org/W917431989"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Primary":[0],"health":[1,341,389,413],"care":[2,342,390,414],"(PHC),":[3],"despite":[4,81],"its":[5],"potential,":[6],"has":[7,121],"not":[8],"always":[9],"been":[10,122],"easy":[11],"to":[12,50,77,104,136,166,180,187,247,266,314,362,373,398,408],"implement":[13],"with":[14,193],"stable":[15],"communities":[16],"in":[17,29,48,56,139,151,227,242,251,293,333,400,423],"developing":[18],"countries.":[19],"This":[20,119,376],"discussion":[21],"explores":[22],"some":[23,149],"of":[24,38,44,54,115,131,148,177,206,213,221,233,236,260,274,286,295,317,330,353,358,383,403,412],"the":[25,52,78,82,95,112,132,145,153,156,174,204,207,214,272,284,308,331,345,381,394,401,409,424,427,434],"additional":[26],"obstacles":[27],"encountered":[28],"refugee":[30,116,178,228],"camps":[31,229],"and":[32,34,68,91,109,143,200,202,217,268,290,299,305,307,337,350,391,405],"settlements":[33],"identifies":[35],"possible":[36],"ways":[37],"overcoming":[39],"or":[40],"avoiding":[41],"a":[42,74,106,231,252,258,280,315,440],"number":[43,259,316],"these":[45],"potential":[46],"obstructions":[47],"order":[49],"facilitate":[51],"implementation":[53],"PHC":[55],"this":[57],"setting.":[58],"It":[59,183],"focuses":[60],"on":[61,111,380],"prevention,":[62],"equitable":[63],"distribution,":[64],"appropriateness,":[65],"community":[66,332,356],"participation,":[67],"intersectoral":[69],"cooperation.":[70],"Prevention":[71],"calls":[72],"for":[73,99,173,325,387,416],"longterm":[75,175],"orientation":[76,120,438],"refugees'":[79,157,309],"problems,":[80,133],"uncertainties.":[83],"In":[84],"general,":[85],"host":[86,287],"governments,":[87,288],"nongovernmental":[88,291],"organizations":[89],"(NGOs),":[90],"intergovernmental":[92],"agencies,":[93],"including":[94],"UN":[96],"High":[97],"Commissioner":[98],"Refugees":[100],"(UNHCR),":[101],"have":[102,396],"tended":[103],"take":[105,209],"short-term":[107],"view":[108],"concentrate":[110],"emergency":[113,161,436],"aspects":[114,220],"medical":[117],"care.":[118],"generated,":[123],"among":[124],"other":[125],"things,":[126],"by":[127,134,144,283],"an":[128],"inadequate":[129],"conceptualization":[130],"pressures":[135],"become":[137],"involved":[138,192],"high":[140],"visibility":[141],"aid,":[142],"vested":[146],"interests":[147],"groups":[150,384],"perpetuating":[152],"myth":[154],"that":[155,189,203,393,426],"problems":[158,179,411],"essentially":[159],"require":[160],"assistance.":[162],"If":[163],"prevention":[164],"is":[165,171,185,311,343,360,368,371],"be":[167,181,225,277,363],"effectively":[168],"implemented,":[169],"it":[170,367],"necessary":[172,186],"nature":[176],"accepted.":[182],"also":[184],"ensure":[188],"all":[190],"people":[191],"service":[194],"provision":[195],"are":[196,257,323,421,429],"adequately":[197],"selected,":[198],"trained,":[199],"briefed":[201],"needs":[205],"refugees":[208,359,395],"precedence":[210],"over":[211],"those":[212],"fund":[215],"raisers":[216],"politicians.":[218],"Some":[219],"accessibility":[222],"may":[223,263,276],"actually":[224],"improved":[226],"as":[230,364,366],"result":[232],"large":[234],"numbers":[235],"people,":[237],"who":[238],"previously":[239],"were":[240],"dispersed":[241],"rural":[243],"areas,":[244],"being":[245],"forced":[246],"live":[248],"close":[249],"together":[250],"confined":[253],"space.":[254],"Yet,":[255],"there":[256],"factors":[261],"which":[262],"give":[264],"rise":[265],"differential":[267],"decreased":[269],"accessibility,":[270],"including:":[271],"availability":[273],"resources":[275,318],"affected":[278],"at":[279],"national":[281],"level":[282],"decisions":[285],"intergovernmental,":[289],"organizations,":[292],"terms":[294],"their":[296,300,326,339,374],"geographical":[297],"distribution":[298],"allocation":[301],"between":[302],"different":[303],"sectors":[304],"activities;":[306],"access":[310],"sometimes":[312],"resrricted":[313],"which,":[319],"under":[320],"normal":[321],"circumstances,":[322],"important":[324],"health.":[327],"The":[328,355],"involvement":[329],"determining":[334],"priorities,":[335],"planning,":[336],"implementing":[338],"own":[340],"arguably":[344],"most":[346],"radical,":[347],"politically":[348],"sensitive,":[349],"problematic":[351],"aspect":[352],"PHC.":[354],"participation":[357],"likely":[361],"difficult":[365],"essential.":[369],"Needed":[370],"commitment":[372],"involvement.":[375],"requires":[377],"imaginative":[378],"approaches":[379],"part":[382],"now":[385],"responsible":[386],"providing":[388],"appreciation":[392],"much":[397],"offer":[399],"way":[402,425],"skills":[404],"abilities.":[406],"Solutions":[407],"current":[410],"call":[415],"several":[417],"fundamental":[418],"changes.":[419],"Changes":[420],"required":[422],"issues":[428],"currently":[430],"conceptualized,":[431],"away":[432],"from":[433],"predominantly":[435],"aid":[437],"towards":[439],"more":[441],"developmental":[442],"approach.":[443]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}