{"id":"https://openalex.org/W143035985","doi":null,"title":"The advance directive--a review.","display_name":"The advance directive--a review.","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W143035985","mag":"143035985","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8993145"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:8993145","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8993145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Singapore medical journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"C Y Hong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Y Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103026034","display_name":"L G Goh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5018-5179","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5018-5179"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L G Goh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072273026","display_name":"H P Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H P Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7765,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84068644,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"4","first_page":"411","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10177","display_name":"Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10177","display_name":"Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.010900000110268593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13275","display_name":"Medical and Health Sciences Research","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advance-directives","display_name":"advance directives","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-decision-making","display_name":"healthcare decision-making","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/withholding-life-sustaining-treatment","display_name":"withholding life-sustaining treatment","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-of-life-care","display_name":"end-of-life care","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-ethics","display_name":"religious ethics","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-containment","display_name":"cost containment","score":0.8889999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1121492","display_name":"Directive","level":2,"score":0.9295834302902222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.6965254545211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6003084778785706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908857224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555118","display_name":"Living Wills","level":3,"score":0.5009732246398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.4875604510307312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.46063029766082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777995714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18209059","display_name":"Advance care planning","level":3,"score":0.4534459710121155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994186709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29483","display_name":"Palliative care","level":2,"score":0.3740636110305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.34314781427383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.33906829357147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.3120442032814026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.20436453819274902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11890342831611633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10146600008010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016223","descriptor_name":"Advance Directives","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016223","descriptor_name":"Advance Directives","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:8993145","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8993145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Singapore medical journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/31947","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/31947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Review"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/895559","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/895559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:166456","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:143035985","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8993145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7047585806","https://openalex.org/W1898644992","https://openalex.org/W19743561","https://openalex.org/W2162609146","https://openalex.org/W1994490724","https://openalex.org/W7100080302","https://openalex.org/W2116122298","https://openalex.org/W2395305563","https://openalex.org/W2012850392","https://openalex.org/W50091346"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,57,78,128,155],"advance":[1,45,76,82,129,196],"directive":[2,46,130,197],"is":[3,28,80,182,216],"a":[4,8,160],"document":[5],"that":[6,26,81,166],"enables":[7],"competent":[9],"individual":[10],"to":[11,21,30,169,185,222,231],"specify":[12],"the":[13,24,35,41,44,63,72,75,93,105,109,119,137,146,178,180,187,195,205,232],"form":[14],"of":[15,43,71,108,121,163,189,203,245,249],"health":[16,96],"care":[17,97],"he":[18,27],"would":[19],"like":[20],"have,":[22],"in":[23,34,131,218],"event":[25],"unable":[29],"make":[31],"such":[32],"decisions":[33],"future.":[36],"This":[37],"review":[38],"paper":[39],"traces":[40],"development":[42],"from":[47],"1967,":[48],"when":[49,236],"it":[50,215,227,239],"was":[51,143,157],"first":[52],"proposed":[53],"by":[54],"Luis":[55],"Kutner.":[56],"Karen":[58],"Ann":[59],"Quinlan":[60],"case":[61,66,73],"and":[62,89,115,118,152,211,235],"Nancy":[64],"Cruzan":[65],"are":[67],"cited":[68],"as":[69],"examples":[70],"for":[74],"directive.":[77],"argument":[79],"directives":[83,173],"assist":[84],"doctors,":[85],"patients,":[86],"family":[87,252],"members":[88],"other":[90],"carers":[91],"with":[92,113,224],"increasingly":[94],"complex":[95],"decision":[98],"making.":[99],"Reservations":[100],"have":[101],"been":[102],"expressed":[103],"about":[104],"anticipatory":[106],"nature":[107],"decision,":[110],"possible":[111],"conflict":[112],"personal":[114],"religious":[116],"ethics":[117],"risk":[120],"cost":[122],"containment":[123],"considerations":[124],"being":[125],"over-riding":[126],"concerns.":[127],"America":[132],"has":[133],"undergone":[134],"changes":[135],"since":[136],"California":[138],"Natural":[139],"Death":[140],"Act":[141],"1976":[142],"passed.":[144],"In":[145,177],"1980s,":[147],"\"terminal\"":[148],"included":[149],"permanent":[150],"unconsciousness":[151],"advanced":[153],"dementia.":[154],"declarant":[156,181],"also":[158,175],"given":[159],"wider":[161],"choice":[162],"treatment":[164],"procedures":[165],"they":[167],"wish":[168],"be":[170],"withheld.":[171],"Proxy":[172],"were":[174],"introduced.":[176],"1990s,":[179],"even":[183],"allowed":[184],"request":[186],"use":[188],"life-prolonging":[190],"procedures.":[191],"When":[192,214],"appropriately":[193],"implemented,":[194],"can":[198,228,240],"perform":[199],"its":[200],"intended":[201],"functions":[202],"clarifying":[204],"patient's":[206,233,246],"perspective":[207],"on":[208],"life,":[209],"death":[210],"medical":[212],"care.":[213],"vague":[217],"terminology":[219],"or":[220,254],"applied":[221],"patients":[223],"uncertain":[225],"prognoses,":[226],"cause":[229],"confusion":[230],"carers;":[234],"improperly":[237],"used,":[238],"become":[241],"an":[242],"instrument":[243],"not":[244],"preferences,":[247],"but":[248],"economic":[250],"purpose,":[251],"bias,":[253],"physician's":[255],"values.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
