{"id":"https://openalex.org/W142492449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700057817","title":"The Source of Biliary Infections Associated with T-Tube Drainage","display_name":"The Source of Biliary Infections Associated with T-Tube Drainage","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W142492449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700057817","mag":"142492449","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6551357"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0195941700057817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700057817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700057817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210167682","display_name":"Infection Control","issn_l":"0195-9417","issn":["0195-9417","2327-9451"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infection Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062512068","display_name":"William A. Agger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284541357","display_name":"Gundersen Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01p3c3c27","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284541357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William A. Agger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Infectious Disease and General Surgery, Gundersen Clinic, Ltd., La Crosse, Wisconsin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Infectious Disease and General Surgery, Gundersen Clinic, Ltd., La Crosse, Wisconsin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284541357"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088248034","display_name":"James E. Glasser","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284541357","display_name":"Gundersen Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01p3c3c27","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284541357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James E. Glasser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Infectious Disease and General Surgery, Gundersen Clinic, Ltd., La Crosse, Wisconsin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Infectious Disease and General Surgery, Gundersen Clinic, Ltd., La Crosse, Wisconsin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284541357"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"William C. Boyd","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284541357","display_name":"Gundersen Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01p3c3c27","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284541357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William C. Boyd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Infectious Disease and General Surgery, Gundersen Clinic, Ltd., La Crosse, Wisconsin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Infectious Disease and General Surgery, Gundersen Clinic, Ltd., La Crosse, Wisconsin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284541357"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084129239","display_name":"Neil Melby","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284541357","display_name":"Gundersen Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01p3c3c27","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284541357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil Melby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Infectious Disease and General Surgery, Gundersen Clinic, Ltd., La Crosse, Wisconsin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Infectious Disease and General Surgery, Gundersen Clinic, Ltd., La Crosse, Wisconsin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284541357"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062512068"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284541357"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"90","last_page":"92"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10518","display_name":"Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders","score":0.9193999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10518","display_name":"Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders","score":0.9193999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.045099999755620956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11080","display_name":"Surgical site infection prevention","score":0.016899999231100082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biliary-tract-infection","display_name":"biliary tract infection","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-tube-drainage","display_name":"T-tube drainage","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-bile-duct-exploration","display_name":"choledochotomy","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-epidermidis","display_name":"Staphylococcus epidermidis","score":0.9150000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777949923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131915","display_name":"Staphylococcus epidermidis","level":4,"score":0.6092621684074402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131631996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141325","display_name":"Lumen (anatomy)","level":2,"score":0.5904872417449951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775982439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3562150","display_name":"Biliary tract","level":2,"score":0.5001742839813232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776884468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1263617","display_name":"Common bile duct","level":2,"score":0.48398709297180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777551473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2093072","display_name":"Tube (container)","level":2,"score":0.46520763635635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4474916458129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.4289422631263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.40954455733299255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779489039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188121","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","level":3,"score":0.35714462399482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.3476346731185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.34357935190200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3161253333091736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.20803120732307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001646","descriptor_name":"Bile","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001659","descriptor_name":"Biliary Tract","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001660","descriptor_name":"Biliary Tract Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004322","descriptor_name":"Drainage","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004322","descriptor_name":"Drainage","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007239","descriptor_name":"Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0195941700057817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700057817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700057817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210167682","display_name":"Infection Control","issn_l":"0195-9417","issn":["0195-9417","2327-9451"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infection Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:6551357","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6551357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Infection control : IC","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314207","display_name":"Gundersen Medical Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/043wc0k64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968637619","https://openalex.org/W2024399830","https://openalex.org/W2053930380","https://openalex.org/W2061130360","https://openalex.org/W2103551327","https://openalex.org/W2160579853","https://openalex.org/W2336253141","https://openalex.org/W2414256546","https://openalex.org/W2415638940","https://openalex.org/W2474110287"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079880069","https://openalex.org/W2069540426","https://openalex.org/W2433371486","https://openalex.org/W2410464410","https://openalex.org/W1541236665","https://openalex.org/W2024399830","https://openalex.org/W1525494980","https://openalex.org/W2469745878","https://openalex.org/W2402504165","https://openalex.org/W1855726282"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,10,22,39,54,61,81,94,134,157],"this":[3],"study":[4],"was":[5,115],"to":[6,89,166],"determine":[7],"the":[8,48,52,55,58,70,74,78,82,86,91,103,113,119,123,126,131,146,155,169],"source":[9],"organisms":[11],"responsible":[12],"for":[13],"biliary":[14,172],"infection":[15,95,101],"associated":[16],"with":[17,99],"T-tube":[18,71,162],"placement.":[19],"Two":[20],"groups":[21],"patients":[23],"who":[24],"had":[25,26],"T-tubes":[27],"placed":[28],"following":[29],"common":[30],"bile":[31,120,158],"duct":[32],"exploration":[33],"were":[34,44,67,139,164],"studied.":[35],"In":[36,57,130],"one":[37],"group":[38,60,84],"34":[40],"patients,":[41,62],"bacterial":[42,65],"cultures":[43,66],"taken":[45,68],"daily":[46,64],"from":[47,69,102,168],"drainage":[49,87],"bag":[50,88],"and":[51,73],"lumen":[53,72],"T-tube.":[56,79],"second":[59,132],"paired":[63],"skin":[75,105],"tract":[76],"surrounding":[77],"Results":[80],"first":[83],"showed":[85],"be":[90],"initial":[92],"site":[93],"in":[96,107,111,118,122],"seven":[97],"cases,":[98,109],"\"descending\"":[100],"patient's":[104,170],"occurring":[106,160],"27":[108],"14":[110],"whom":[112],"organism":[114,127],"initially":[116],"present":[117],"while":[121],"other":[124],"13":[125],"appeared":[128,144],"later.":[129],"group,":[133],"32":[135],"isolates":[136],"only":[137],"five":[138,149],"found":[140,165],"extraluminally":[141],"before":[142],"they":[143],"within":[145],"lumen,":[147],"these":[148],"being":[150],"all":[151],"Staphylococcus":[152],"epidermidis.":[153],"Thus":[154],"majority":[156],"infections":[159],"after":[161],"placement":[163],"originate":[167],"own":[171],"tree":[173],"or":[174],"skin.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
