{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1422002973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z38fs8j","title":"\"Putting Grutter to Work: Diversity, Integration, and Affirmative Action in the Workplace\"","display_name":"\"Putting Grutter to Work: Diversity, Integration, and Affirmative Action in the Workplace\"","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1422002973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z38fs8j","mag":"1422002973"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:gretchen.law.nyu.edu:fac-articles-1313","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://gretchen.law.nyu.edu/fac-articles/314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Articles","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z38fs8j","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046619278","display_name":"Cynthia Estlund","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Estlund, Cynthia L.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046619278"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.1954,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97387231,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13170","display_name":"Discrimination and Equality Law","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13170","display_name":"Discrimination and Equality Law","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14288","display_name":"Law, Rights, and Freedoms","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12765","display_name":"Race, History, and American Society","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affirmative-action","display_name":"affirmative action","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workplace-diversity","display_name":"workplace diversity","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grutter-v-bollinger","display_name":"Grutter v. Bollinger","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-discrimination","display_name":"employment discrimination","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiring-and-promotion","display_name":"hiring and promotion","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-inequality","display_name":"racial inequality","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-americans","display_name":"African Americans","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-deprivation","display_name":"socioeconomic deprivation","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-isolation","display_name":"racial isolation","score":0.5130000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777732099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214244","display_name":"Affirmative action","level":2,"score":0.9375170469284058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.7856026887893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5754167437553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5692583322525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4715561866760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.44802647829055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3570563793182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.22186148166656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0706091821193695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.04547619819641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:gretchen.law.nyu.edu:fac-articles-1313","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://gretchen.law.nyu.edu/fac-articles/314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Articles","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.berkeley.edu:bjell-1344","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/bjell/vol26/iss1/1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Berkeley Journal of Employment &amp; Labor Law","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1422002973","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/bjell/vol26/iss1/1/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35701458","display_name":"Berkeley journal of employment and labor law","issn_l":"1067-7666","issn":["1067-7666"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316106","host_organization_name":"UC Berkeley School of Law","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316106","https://openalex.org/P4310316198"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["UC Berkeley School of Law","University of California, Berkeley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Berkeley journal of employment and labor law","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.15779/z38fs8j","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z38fs8j","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z38fs8j","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050879","display_name":"UC Berkeley","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","host_organization_name":"University of California, Berkeley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.15779/z38fs8j","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z38fs8j","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15779/z38fs8j","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050879","display_name":"UC Berkeley","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","host_organization_name":"University of California, Berkeley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":1.0,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7257999777793884,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.6025999784469604,"display_name":"Gender equality"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.47620001435279846,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1537119386","https://openalex.org/W3121442713","https://openalex.org/W2127287899","https://openalex.org/W4234338307","https://openalex.org/W206916949","https://openalex.org/W2019009063","https://openalex.org/W2080839307","https://openalex.org/W4238997228","https://openalex.org/W128868237","https://openalex.org/W2181095313"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"article":[1],"discusses":[2],"the":[3,8,11,36,45,81],"affirmative":[4],"action":[5,49],"programs":[6],"in":[7,10,35,50,53,80],"workplace":[9],"U.S.":[12],"with":[13],"reference":[14],"to":[15,74],"Grutter":[16],"v.":[17],"Bollinger":[18],"case.":[19],"Affirmative":[20,48],"action,":[21],"including":[22],"preferential":[23],"consideration":[24],"of":[25,29,84],"women":[26],"and":[27,38,52,68,87],"people":[28],"color,":[30],"undoubtedly":[31],"plays":[32],"some":[33],"role":[34],"hiring":[37],"promotional":[39],"decisions":[40],"that":[41],"go":[42],"into":[43],"creating":[44],"diverse":[46],"workforces.":[47],"employment":[51],"higher":[54],"education":[55],"currently":[56],"reaches":[57],"only":[58],"those":[59,69],"who":[60,77],"are":[61,71,78],"at":[62],"least":[63],"\"qualified\"":[64],"by":[65],"conventional":[66],"criteria,":[67],"qualifications":[70],"virtually":[72],"unattainable":[73],"many":[75],"African-Americans":[76],"caught":[79],"deepest":[82],"cycles":[83],"racial":[85],"isolation":[86],"socioeconomic":[88],"deprivation.":[89]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
