{"id":"https://openalex.org/W141464801","doi":null,"title":"Two models of human cloning.","display_name":"Two models of human cloning.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W141464801","mag":"141464801","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12650166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12650166","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12650166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hofstra law review","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/hlr/vol27/iss3/10","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110425590","display_name":"John A. Robertson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J A Robertson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas School of Law, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas School of Law, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110425590"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6653,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66280724,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"3","first_page":"609","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12929","display_name":"Animal Genetics and Reproduction","score":0.9434000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12929","display_name":"Animal Genetics and Reproduction","score":0.9434000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13417","display_name":"Biomedical Ethics and Regulation","score":0.03370000049471855,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10505","display_name":"Pluripotent Stem Cells Research","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-cloning","display_name":"human cloning","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/somatic-cell-nuclear-transfer","display_name":"somatic cell nuclear transfer","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetically-modified-animals","display_name":"transgenic animals","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharming","display_name":"pharming","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transgenic-mice","display_name":"transgenic mice","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutic-cloning","display_name":"therapeutic cloning","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproductive-cloning","display_name":"reproductive cloning","score":0.4569999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175000728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586573","display_name":"Human cloning","level":2,"score":0.7867473363876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121050878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135020","display_name":"Cloning (programming)","level":2,"score":0.670400083065033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5491766929626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.4182204604148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.34824439883232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2650953233242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2196490466594696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08454456925392151}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011640","descriptor_name":"Public Policy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013234","descriptor_name":"Stem Cells","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018451","descriptor_name":"Homosexuality, Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018452","descriptor_name":"Homosexuality, Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019976","descriptor_name":"Cloning, Organism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D027724","descriptor_name":"Reproductive Techniques, Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D033041","descriptor_name":"Embryo Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12650166","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12650166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hofstra law review","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu:hlr-2051","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/hlr/vol27/iss3/10","pdf_url":"https://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/hlr/vol27/iss3/10","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hofstra Law Review","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/535162","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/535162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"201402","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:141464801","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12650166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu:hlr-2051","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/hlr/vol27/iss3/10","pdf_url":"https://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/hlr/vol27/iss3/10","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hofstra Law Review","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W141464801.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W141464801.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100712379","https://openalex.org/W2797452490","https://openalex.org/W2035268799","https://openalex.org/W1964718497","https://openalex.org/W1563672524","https://openalex.org/W4387683843","https://openalex.org/W1821728438","https://openalex.org/W2031962956","https://openalex.org/W2026096188","https://openalex.org/W2144946646"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Another":[0],"group,":[1],"Advanced":[2],"Cell":[3],"Technology,":[4],"Inc.,":[5],"announced":[6],"that":[7,30,131],"it":[8,20],"had":[9],"combined":[10],"a":[11,15,76],"human":[12],"nucleus":[13],"with":[14,39,85],"cow":[16],"egg":[17],"and":[18,104],"activated":[19],"to":[21,55,62,97,105],"the":[22,53,99,107],"four":[23],"cell":[24],"stage.Considerable":[25],"skepticism,":[26],"however,":[27],"has":[28],"greeted":[29],"report.See":[31],"Eliot":[32],"Marshall,":[33],"Claim":[34],"of":[35,95,101,109,129,135],"Human-Cow":[36],"Embryo":[37],"Greeted":[38],"Skepticism,":[40],"282":[41],"SCI.1390,":[42],"1390-91":[43],"(1998).5.":[44],"The":[45],"Wilmut":[46],"team":[47],"in":[48,69,87],"Scotland":[49],"appears":[50],"driven":[51],"by":[52],"desire":[54],"\"pharm\"":[56],"domestic":[57],"animals":[58,130],"through":[59],"transgenic":[60,110],"modification":[61],"produce":[63],"drugs":[64],"or":[65,137],"other":[66],"valuable":[67],"substances":[68],"their":[70],"milk.See":[71],"Elizabeth":[72],"Pennisi,":[73],"After":[74],"Dolly,":[75],"Pharming":[77],"Frenzy,":[78],"279":[79],"Sa.":[80],"646,":[81],"646":[82],"(1998).The":[83],"work":[84,121],"mice":[86,96],"Hawaii":[88],"seems":[89],"aimed":[90],"at":[91,118,125,142],"getting":[92],"identical":[93],"generations":[94],"improve":[98],"reliability":[100],"laboratory":[102],"research,":[103],"extend":[106],"reach":[108],"mice.See":[111],"Wakayama":[112],"et":[113],"al.,":[114],"supra":[115,139],"note":[116,140],"2,":[117],"369.The":[119],"Japanese":[120],"may":[122],"be":[123],"directed":[124],"reproducing":[126],"\"exact":[127],"copies":[128],"are":[132],"superb":[133],"producers":[134],"milk":[136],"meat.\"Kolata,":[138],"3,":[141],"AS.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}