{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1410130393","doi":null,"title":"Relative or absolute? The impact of reward size on 3- and 4-year old children\u2019s ability to delay gratification.","display_name":"Relative or absolute? The impact of reward size on 3- and 4-year old children\u2019s ability to delay gratification.","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1410130393","mag":"1410130393"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.64OTAGO_INST:11396525980001891","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/esploro/outputs/graduate/Relative-or-absolute-The-impact-of/9926478647301891","pdf_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/view/delivery/64OTAGO_INST/12396525970001891/13397108960001891","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402094","display_name":"Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","host_organization_name":"University of Otago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Masters Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/view/delivery/64OTAGO_INST/12396525970001891/13397108960001891","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Surabhi Shukla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8466-4490","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8466-4490"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Surabhi Shukla","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8466-4490","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.8393999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.8393999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.12790000438690186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-of-gratification","display_name":"delay of gratification","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reward-magnitude","display_name":"reward magnitude","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-discounting","display_name":"delay discounting","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preschool-children","display_name":"preschool children","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-making","display_name":"decision-making","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/future-self","display_name":"future self","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.7179999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019428158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816125","display_name":"Delay of gratification","level":2,"score":0.8343408107757568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778772087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17054581","display_name":"Gratification","level":2,"score":0.7913199663162231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777487392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q481201","display_name":"Absolute (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5652940273284912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.47269701957702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.2757827639579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.15006020665168762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.04049187898635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0397070050239563}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.64OTAGO_INST:11396525980001891","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/esploro/outputs/graduate/Relative-or-absolute-The-impact-of/9926478647301891","pdf_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/view/delivery/64OTAGO_INST/12396525970001891/13397108960001891","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402094","display_name":"Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","host_organization_name":"University of Otago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Masters Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ourarchive.otago.ac.nz:10523/5782","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10523/5782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402094","display_name":"Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","host_organization_name":"University of Otago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis or Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:1410130393","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/handle/10523/5782","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.64OTAGO_INST:11396525980001891","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/esploro/outputs/graduate/Relative-or-absolute-The-impact-of/9926478647301891","pdf_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/view/delivery/64OTAGO_INST/12396525970001891/13397108960001891","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402094","display_name":"Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","host_organization_name":"University of Otago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Masters Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1410130393.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1410130393.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985519261","https://openalex.org/W1985709069","https://openalex.org/W1986755091","https://openalex.org/W1987833382","https://openalex.org/W1992470810","https://openalex.org/W2005019135","https://openalex.org/W2009164324","https://openalex.org/W2020065445","https://openalex.org/W2025655336","https://openalex.org/W2028091494","https://openalex.org/W2052992339","https://openalex.org/W2076536312","https://openalex.org/W2085086401","https://openalex.org/W2088347350","https://openalex.org/W2093947434","https://openalex.org/W2096578347","https://openalex.org/W2106262608","https://openalex.org/W2118422131","https://openalex.org/W2120731293","https://openalex.org/W2126953888","https://openalex.org/W2143462488","https://openalex.org/W2153159895","https://openalex.org/W2403009861"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2313422707","https://openalex.org/W2014613156","https://openalex.org/W2080034165","https://openalex.org/W2171294169","https://openalex.org/W2326170980","https://openalex.org/W2036888865","https://openalex.org/W1874116289","https://openalex.org/W2403926810","https://openalex.org/W2964245174","https://openalex.org/W2317822644"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,16,36],"ability":[1,27],"to":[2,28,149],"delay":[3],"gratification":[4],"in":[5,14,63,87],"childhood":[6],"correlates":[7],"with":[8],"a":[9,21,76,105,171,186],"number":[10,188],"of":[11,25,54,72,79,96,108,126,159,173,189],"positive":[12],"outcomes":[13],"adulthood.":[15],"delay-of-gratification":[17],"choice":[18],"paradigm":[19],"is":[20],"widely":[22],"used":[23],"measure":[24],"children\u2019s":[26,43,117,132,165],"make":[29],"decisions":[30],"that":[31,114,179],"favour":[32],"their":[33],"future":[34],"self.":[35],"present":[37],"study":[38],"investigated":[39],"3-":[40,115,160],"and":[41,57,75,83,100,104,144,161,164],"4-year-old":[42,131,162],"preferences":[44,118,133],"for":[45],"the":[46,50,55,64,88,123,127,138,142,157,182],"delayed":[47,58,77,106,128,145,183],"reward":[48,71,78,95,107,184],"when":[49],"difference":[51,140,155],"between":[52,68,92,141,156],"size":[53],"immediate":[56,70,94,143],"rewards":[59,103],"was":[60,112,153],"manipulated.":[61],"Children":[62,86],"relative":[65,139],"condition":[66,90],"chose":[67,91],"an":[69,93],"one":[73],"sticker":[74,102],"two,":[80,98],"three,":[81,99],"four,":[82],"five":[84,109],"stickers.":[85,110],"absolute":[89,124],"one,":[97],"four":[101],"It":[111],"hypothesized":[113],"year-old":[116],"would":[119,134],"be":[120,135],"driven":[121,136],"by":[122,137],"value":[125],"reward,":[129],"whereas":[130],"rewards.":[146],"In":[147],"contrast":[148],"our":[150],"predictions,":[151],"there":[152],"no":[154],"performance":[158],"children":[163],"choices":[166],"did":[167],"not":[168],"differ":[169],"as":[170],"function":[172],"condition.":[174],"We":[175],"did,":[176],"however,":[177],"find":[178],"females":[180],"selected":[181],"on":[185],"greater":[187],"trials":[190],"than":[191],"males.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}