{"id":"https://openalex.org/W140904758","doi":null,"title":"Antioxidant properties of Plumbago auriculata Lam","display_name":"Antioxidant properties of Plumbago auriculata Lam","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W140904758","mag":"140904758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:140904758","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/10394/4421/1/manyakara_b.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009820884","display_name":"Bongai Manyakara","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bongai Manyakara","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009820884"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14521","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Research","score":0.5625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14521","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Research","score":0.5625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10035","display_name":"Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities","score":0.358599990606308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12891","display_name":"Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection","score":0.02160000056028366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plumbago-auriculata","display_name":"Plumbago auriculata","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-activity","display_name":"antioxidant activity","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinson-s-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malondialdehyde","display_name":"malondialdehyde","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superoxide-radical-scavenging","display_name":"superoxide radical scavenging","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-extract","display_name":"leaf extract","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethyl-acetate-extract","display_name":"ethyl acetate extract","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethanol-extract","display_name":"ethanol extract","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroprotection","display_name":"neuroprotection","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxicity","display_name":"cytotoxicity","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactive-oxygen-species","display_name":"reactive oxygen species","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-peroxidation","display_name":"lipid peroxidation","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitric-oxide","display_name":"nitric oxide","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrosative-stress","display_name":"nitrosative stress","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurodegenerative-diseases","display_name":"neurodegenerative diseases","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbal-medicine","display_name":"herbal medicine","score":0.31200000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777352226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7669516","display_name":"TBARS","level":4,"score":0.8265506029129028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776148806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912189","display_name":"Petroleum ether","level":3,"score":0.7767200469970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780938664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753278","display_name":"Substantia nigra","level":4,"score":0.7420600652694702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7255855798721313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779858419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407153","display_name":"Ethyl acetate","level":2,"score":0.7001489400863647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.6472194194793701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.6204633116722107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777504301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418230","display_name":"Thiobarbituric acid","level":4,"score":0.5205793976783752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48349386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424361","display_name":"Reactive oxygen species","level":2,"score":0.5095205903053284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780161600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153","display_name":"Ethanol","level":2,"score":0.49869441986083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778401633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418661","display_name":"Malondialdehyde","level":3,"score":0.43406838178634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780829032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898539","display_name":"Lipid peroxidation","level":3,"score":0.3955931067466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.3644123673439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.3583361804485321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137183658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461076","display_name":"Dopaminergic","level":3,"score":0.3532445430755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.33565789461135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.2626471519470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.2158868908882141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1529020071029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13715767860412598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.07149815559387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:140904758","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/10394/4421/1/manyakara_b.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147772889","https://openalex.org/W578677827","https://openalex.org/W594655882","https://openalex.org/W1485428386","https://openalex.org/W1522890520","https://openalex.org/W1535207151","https://openalex.org/W1550876205","https://openalex.org/W1570725062","https://openalex.org/W1574393373","https://openalex.org/W1606209721","https://openalex.org/W1862857558","https://openalex.org/W1877873625","https://openalex.org/W1963987955","https://openalex.org/W1968212840","https://openalex.org/W1972319230","https://openalex.org/W1972665983","https://openalex.org/W1974403624","https://openalex.org/W1981427807","https://openalex.org/W1985749485","https://openalex.org/W1986254796","https://openalex.org/W1990115112","https://openalex.org/W1992534600","https://openalex.org/W1993125266","https://openalex.org/W1993250284","https://openalex.org/W1995013280","https://openalex.org/W1999330264","https://openalex.org/W2001710481","https://openalex.org/W2002014369","https://openalex.org/W2013798886","https://openalex.org/W2015533291","https://openalex.org/W2017566530","https://openalex.org/W2018295492","https://openalex.org/W2020988835","https://openalex.org/W2021438241","https://openalex.org/W2028772673","https://openalex.org/W2038557175","https://openalex.org/W2039122329","https://openalex.org/W2040268792","https://openalex.org/W2043990301","https://openalex.org/W2044156447","https://openalex.org/W2052853635","https://openalex.org/W2053672211","https://openalex.org/W2056365448","https://openalex.org/W2062384458","https://openalex.org/W2068605672","https://openalex.org/W2079431502","https://openalex.org/W2084433256","https://openalex.org/W2090678272","https://openalex.org/W2094940818","https://openalex.org/W2095853446","https://openalex.org/W2100012786","https://openalex.org/W2106071093","https://openalex.org/W2107211728","https://openalex.org/W2109053020","https://openalex.org/W2114355876","https://openalex.org/W2114918609","https://openalex.org/W2120673801","https://openalex.org/W2130082978","https://openalex.org/W2131129165","https://openalex.org/W2139931759","https://openalex.org/W2141429139","https://openalex.org/W2144229825","https://openalex.org/W2154745705","https://openalex.org/W2165292984","https://openalex.org/W2167557753","https://openalex.org/W2263231125","https://openalex.org/W2317804643"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313344007","https://openalex.org/W2010415721","https://openalex.org/W2488416645","https://openalex.org/W4297989848","https://openalex.org/W4285594060","https://openalex.org/W4384931496","https://openalex.org/W2005243756","https://openalex.org/W2347909672","https://openalex.org/W110355672","https://openalex.org/W4220932153"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Parkinson's":[0],"disease,":[1],"a":[2,42],"disease":[3,25],"first":[4],"described":[5],"by":[6,81,311],"James":[7],"Parkinson":[8],"two":[9,360],"centuries":[10],"ago":[11],"is":[12,26,62,356,370],"one":[13,357],"of":[14,23,30,37,58,79,94,103,106,137,174,242,263,273,308,349,358,424],"the":[15,27,34,38,48,59,73,76,100,104,107,135,138,141,151,171,181,185,195,199,203,206,226,256,264,277,284,294,306,329,334,338,345,350,359,364,380,386,425],"most":[16,365],"common":[17],"neurodegenerative":[18],"diseases.":[19],"The":[20,50,92,144,162,177,297],"prominent":[21],"feature":[22],"this":[24,95,354],"selective":[28],"degeneration":[29],"dopaminergic":[31],"neurons":[32,74],"in":[33,41,44,47,253,375],"substantia":[35],"nigra":[36,52],"midbrain":[39],"resulting":[40],"decrease":[43],"dopamine":[45],"levels":[46,219,445],"brain.":[49],"sUbstantia":[51],"appears":[53],"to":[54,65,98,112,131,158,169,225,255,293,328,379,398,420,431,439],"be":[55,432,440],"an":[56],"area":[57],"brain":[60],"that":[61,180,269,362,372],"highly":[63],"susceptible":[64],"oxidative":[66],"stress.":[67],"Supplementation":[68],"with":[69,83,333,344],"antioxidants":[70],"may":[71],"protect":[72],"from":[75,134],"damaging":[77],"effects":[78],"oxidation":[80],"reacting":[82],"oxygen":[84,89],"radicals":[85],"and":[86,111,126,150,184,198,208,235,247,280,300,317,383,405,416],"other":[87],"reactive":[88],"species":[90],"(ROS).":[91],"aim":[93],"study":[96],"was":[97,167,390,429,437],"investigate":[99],"antioxidant":[101,115,160,192,367,381,400],"properties":[102],"leaves":[105,136],"plant":[108,139],"Plumbago":[109],"auricu/ata":[110],"evaluate":[113,159],"its":[114],"activity":[116,193,291,382],"on":[117],"rats.":[118],"Four":[119],"solvents;":[120],"petroleum":[121,196,301],"ether,":[122],"dichloromethane,":[123],"ethyl":[124,182,209,236,278,298,351,387],"acetate":[125,183,210,237,279,299,352,388],"ethanol":[127,186,207,281],"were":[128,156,407,418],"used":[129,419],"successively":[130],"extract":[132,355,377,389],"substances":[133],"using":[140,395],"soxhlet":[142],"apparatus.":[143],"Thiobarbituric":[145],"Acid\u00ad":[146],"Reactive":[147],"Substances":[148],"(TBARS)":[149],"Nitro-Blue":[152],"Tetrazolium":[153],"(NBT)":[154],"assays":[155],"performed":[157],"activity.":[161,368],"3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium":[163],"bromide":[164],"(MTT)":[165],"assay":[166,205,266,340],"done":[168],"determine":[170],"relative":[172],"toxicity":[173,343],"each":[175,212,239,376],"extract.":[176],"results":[178,267,341],"showed":[179,268,342],"crude":[187],"extracts":[188,211,238,282,303,361],"had":[189,240,283,363],"significantly":[190,220,304,446],"higher":[191],"than":[194],"ether":[197,302],"dichloromethane":[200],"extracts.":[201],"In":[202],"TBARS":[204],"at":[213,270,324,447],"2.5":[214,275],"mg/ml":[215,347],"reduced":[216,443],"malondialdehyde":[217],"(MDA)":[218],"(p":[221,286,314,320],"<":[222,287,315,321],"0.001)":[223,288,322],"compared":[224,292,327],"toxin":[227,295],"(HzOz":[228],"+":[229,231],"Feels":[230],"Vit.":[232],"e).":[233],"Ethanol":[234],"values":[241],"0.0058":[243],"nm":[244,249,259],"MDAlmg":[245,250,260],"tissue":[246,251],"0.0067":[248],"respectively":[252,323],"comparison":[254],"toxin's":[257],"0.0257":[258],"tissue.":[261],"Results":[262],"NBT":[265],"concentration":[271,348],"ranges":[272],"0.625":[274],"mg/ml,":[276],"best":[285],"superoxide":[289],"scavenging":[290],"(KeN).":[296],"inhibited":[305],"proliferation":[307],"HeLa":[309],"cells":[310],"11.52":[312],"%":[313,319],"0.05)":[316],"27.3":[318],"10":[325,346],"mg/mL,":[326],"control":[330],"when":[331],"evaluated":[332],"MTT":[335,339],"assay.":[336],"Although":[337],"extract,":[353],"promising":[366],"It":[369],"possible":[371],"different":[373],"compounds":[374],"contributed":[378],"toxicity.":[384],"Therefore,":[385],"put":[391],"through":[392],"bioassay-guided":[393],"fractionation":[394],"column":[396],"chromatography":[397],"isolate":[399],"compounds.":[401,427],"Two":[402],"compounds,":[403],"PS":[404,428],"OS":[406,436,442],"isolated.":[408],"13e":[409,412],"NMR,":[410,413],"DEPT":[411],"1H":[414],"NMR":[415],"FT-IR":[417],"characterize":[421],"'the":[422],"structures":[423],"isolated":[426],"found":[430],"13\u00ad":[433],"sitosterol,":[434],"while":[435],"proposed":[438],"f3-carotene.":[441],"MDA":[444]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}