{"id":"https://openalex.org/W140708102","doi":null,"title":"Exploiting the natural doping gradient of Nd:YLF crystals for high-power end pumped lasers","display_name":"Exploiting the natural doping gradient of Nd:YLF crystals for high-power end pumped lasers","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W140708102","mag":"140708102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:140708102","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchspace.csir.co.za/dspace/bitstream/10204/3317/1/Bollig_2008.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010290421","display_name":"C. Bollig","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Bollig","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014259052","display_name":"W. Koen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Koen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113653772","display_name":"Hencharl J. Strauss","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. J. Strauss","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040803718","display_name":"Edward H. Bernhardi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"EH Bernhardi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110680504","display_name":"R.C. Botha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5767-1476","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5767-1476"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.C. Botha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Daniel Esser","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Esser","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002738278","display_name":"Preussler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Preussler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5831,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70616506,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11127","display_name":"Solid State Laser Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11127","display_name":"Solid State Laser Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10846","display_name":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12760","display_name":"Laser Design and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nd-ylf","display_name":"Nd:YLF","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-pumped-solid-state-laser","display_name":"end-pumped solid-state laser","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-lensing","display_name":"thermal lensing","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/q-switching","display_name":"Q-switching","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-scaling","display_name":"power scaling","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/folded-resonator","display_name":"folded resonator","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astigmatism-correction","display_name":"astigmatism correction","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystal-orientation","display_name":"crystal orientation","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-load-distribution","display_name":"heat load distribution","score":0.5899999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6932919025421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57863236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130571","display_name":"Doping","level":2,"score":0.6263935565948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.6208537817001343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540262125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1388","display_name":"Neodymium","level":3,"score":0.6130892634391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21921428","display_name":"Crystal (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5248161554336548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137109543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554388","display_name":"Temperature gradient","level":2,"score":0.5170565247535706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.49206990003585815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.4369525909423828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200649887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154544","display_name":"Laser power scaling","level":3,"score":0.4305969476699829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779580267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650257","display_name":"Solid-state laser","level":3,"score":0.41782164573669434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115171683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6493038","display_name":"Laser beam quality","level":4,"score":0.41699880361557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3714868426322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984025587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser beams","level":3,"score":0.1289820373058319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11490723490715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:140708102","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchspace.csir.co.za/dspace/bitstream/10204/3317/1/Bollig_2008.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996314436","https://openalex.org/W2166306487"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1927620318","https://openalex.org/W1509346762","https://openalex.org/W7056286791","https://openalex.org/W7096183775","https://openalex.org/W2059534454","https://openalex.org/W2030165621","https://openalex.org/W1979891182","https://openalex.org/W2129776294","https://openalex.org/W1992329894","https://openalex.org/W2166306487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Of":[0],"the":[1,25,44,79,135,148,158,163,166,183,195,200,204,220,229,233,275,284,303,307,310,320,324,331,337],"various":[2],"Neodymium-doped":[3],"materials,":[4],"Nd:YLF":[5,68,86,278],"is":[6,169,237,279],"particularly":[7],"attractive":[8],"for":[9,39,83,217,319],"use":[10,141],"in":[11,49,69,297,313],"high-power":[12],"diode":[13],"endpumped":[14],"solid-state":[15],"lasers":[16],"due":[17,42],"to":[18,43,55,67,77,133,140,156,242,260],"its":[19,248],"weak":[20],"thermal":[21,46,213,234],"lens,":[22],"especially":[23,170],"on":[24],"\u03c3-polarisation,":[26],"and":[27,73,100,111,118,193,334],"it\u2019s":[28],"long":[29],"upper":[30],"laser":[31,87,90],"level":[32],"lifetime":[33,122],"that":[34,216],"enables":[35],"efficient":[36],"energy":[37],"storage":[38],"Q-switching.":[40],"However,":[41,124],"low":[45,173,263],"fracture":[47,127,136,235],"limit":[48,236],"Nd:YLF,":[50],"power":[51,82,95,103],"scaling":[52],"has":[53],"proven":[54],"be":[56,224,240],"difficult.":[57],"In":[58,131,152,178,258],"our":[59,314],"previous":[60,315],"work,":[61,316],"we":[62,125,138,154,251,266,317],"addressed":[63],"several":[64],"issues":[65],"relating":[66],"a":[70,92,144,179,187,253,269,298,341],"novel":[71],"fashion":[72],"were":[74],"subsequently":[75],"able":[76,241],"demonstrate":[78],"highest":[80],"published":[81],"an":[84,101],"end-pumped":[85],"[1].":[88,344],"The":[89,291],"delivered":[91],"total":[93],"output":[94],"of":[96,104,121,143,165,186,203,271,277,293,302,309,323],"60.3":[97],"W":[98,106],"CW":[99],"average":[102],"52":[105],"when":[107],"Q-switched":[108],"between":[109],"5":[110,129],"30":[112],"kHz,":[113],"with":[114,330,336,340],"good":[115],"beam":[116],"quality":[117],"no":[119],"sign":[120],"quenching.":[123],"experienced":[126],"at":[128,172,268],"kHz.":[130],"order":[132],"address":[134],"problem":[137],"decided":[139,155],"crystals":[142,325,329],"doping":[145,160,184,264],"concentration":[146],"below":[147],"0.5%":[149],"previously":[150],"used.":[151],"addition,":[153],"exploit":[157],"natural":[159],"gradient":[161,185],"along":[162,306],"length":[164,308],"boule,":[167],"which":[168],"pronounced":[171],"concentrations":[174],"but":[175],"commonly":[176],"ignored.":[177],"collaboration,":[180],"VLOC":[181],"estimated":[182],"specially":[188],"manufactured":[189],"boule":[190],"(Fig.":[191,256],"2)":[192],"maintained":[194],"crystal":[196,245],"orientation":[197],"information":[198],"during":[199],"manufacturing":[201],"process":[202],"45":[205],"mm":[206,209],"long,":[207],"6":[208],"diameter":[210],"crystals.":[211,311],"Initial":[212],"calculations":[214],"indicate":[215],"these":[218,294],"crystals,":[219],"lower-doping":[221],"end":[222,231],"can":[223],"pumped":[225,267],"58%":[226],"harder":[227],"than":[228,283],"higherdoping":[230],"before":[232],"reached.":[238],"To":[239],"pump":[243],"each":[244],"rod":[246],"from":[247],"low-doping":[249],"end,":[250],"implemented":[252],"folded":[254],"resonator":[255],"1).":[257],"addition":[259],"using":[261,327],"relatively":[262],"concentrations,":[265],"wavelength":[270],"805":[272],"nm,":[273],"where":[274],"absorption":[276],"~5":[280],"times":[281],"lower":[282],"conventionally":[285],"used":[286],"792":[287],"or":[288],"797":[289],"nm.":[290],"combination":[292],"techniques":[295],"resulted":[296],"more":[299],"even":[300],"distribution":[301],"heat":[304],"load":[305],"As":[312],"compensated":[318],"strong":[321],"astigmatism":[322],"by":[326],"two":[328,335],"c-axis":[332,338],"vertical":[333],"horizontal":[339],"\u03bb/2-plate":[342],"in-between":[343]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}