{"id":"https://openalex.org/W140205373","doi":null,"title":"Abusive Behaviors of College Athletes.","display_name":"Abusive Behaviors of College Athletes.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W140205373","mag":"140205373"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:140205373","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ603597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764368359","display_name":"College student journal","issn_l":"0146-3934","issn":["0146-3934","2691-3887"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697738","host_organization_name":"Project Innovation Austin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project Innovation Austin"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"College student journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027805947","display_name":"Steve B. Chandler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve B. Chandler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023909252","display_name":"Dewayne J. Johnson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dewayne J. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052779527","display_name":"Pamela Sissi Carroll","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pamela Sissi Carroll","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9887,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78038514,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"4","first_page":"638","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11548","display_name":"Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies","score":0.35179999470710754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11548","display_name":"Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies","score":0.35179999470710754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10380","display_name":"Intimate Partner and Family Violence","score":0.3433000147342682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10426","display_name":"Child Abuse and Trauma","score":0.044599998742341995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-athletes","display_name":"college athletes","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abusive-behavior","display_name":"abusive behavior","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domestic-violence","display_name":"domestic violence","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-abuse","display_name":"sexual abuse","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-abuse","display_name":"physical abuse","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modeling","display_name":"modeling","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/campus-violence","display_name":"campus violence","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-abuse","display_name":"alcohol abuse","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-abuse","display_name":"drug abuse","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/athletes-versus-non-athletes","display_name":"athletes versus non-athletes","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-assault","display_name":"sexual assault","score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gang-rape","display_name":"gang rape","score":0.546999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.7641537189483643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7193059921264648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992354236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43414","display_name":"Sexual abuse","level":4,"score":0.5771788358688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780416715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2827132","display_name":"Physical abuse","level":5,"score":0.46868613362312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.445004940032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780020723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5146583","display_name":"College athletics","level":3,"score":0.4336148798465729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40010229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3184856","display_name":"Substance abuse","level":2,"score":0.41125842928886414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.3456801176071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.34044963121414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.25584283471107483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1432236135005951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.07815513014793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:140205373","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ603597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764368359","display_name":"College student journal","issn_l":"0146-3934","issn":["0146-3934","2691-3887"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697738","host_organization_name":"Project Innovation Austin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project Innovation Austin"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"College student journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7297000288963318,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6025999784469604,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.400299996137619,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970039363","https://openalex.org/W3164151606","https://openalex.org/W2114282769","https://openalex.org/W3004750473","https://openalex.org/W4254913295","https://openalex.org/W2999696177","https://openalex.org/W2163930268","https://openalex.org/W2993161024","https://openalex.org/W2940232670","https://openalex.org/W1627827135"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Frequent":[0],"media":[1,143,182],"reports":[2],"of":[3,52,54,61,63,75,91,96,122,128,132,145,162,171,188,261,270,273,281,283,288,307,328,368,388,461,482,495,560],"athletes":[4,16,36,46,103,129,190,215,241,257,265,301,332,355,416,472,488,516],"involved":[5,20,48,148,219,247,304,359],"in":[6,21,49,108,149,155,179,220,229,248,268,305,334,362,423,484,511,542,575],"domestic":[7,133],"unrest":[8,134],"suggest":[9],"the":[10,55,64,100,168,180,262,323,394,479,485,518],"need":[11],"to":[12,33,245,476],"determine":[13],"if":[14],"college":[15,35,189,543],"are":[17,216,505,534,574],"more":[18,67,226,243,310,357,381,418,425,429,448,539],"often":[19,68,311,358,449],"abusive":[22,29,84,110,369],"behaviors":[23,30,111,395],"than":[24,69,112,232,251,312,360,435,450],"nonathletes.":[25,39,70,252,317,436],"A":[26],"questionnaire":[27],"concerning":[28],"was":[31,79],"administered":[32],"126":[34],"and":[37,41,58,86,114,157,165,167,174,236,286,293,297,325,330,347,384,402,427,454,467,503,517,547,569],"216":[38],"Frequency":[40],"chi-square":[42],"analyses":[43],"indicated":[44,300,470],"that":[45,78,102,115,214,240,354,415,441,471,473],"were":[47,242,266,302,356,392,478],"physical":[50,169],"abuse":[51,60,77,161,170,434],"someone":[53,62],"same":[56,463],"sex":[57,66,382],"sexual":[59,92,160,249,274,278,284,335],"opposite":[65],"Athletes":[71,153],"reported":[72,271,414],"a":[73,89,105,150,225,490,538],"history":[74],"prior":[76],"associated":[80,364],"with":[81,87,140,177,365,523],"later":[82],"displaying":[83],"behavior":[85],"being":[88],"victim":[90],"abuse.":[93,336],"The":[94,126],"results":[95],"this":[97,462],"study":[98],"support":[99],"contention":[101],"play":[104,224,489],"greater":[106,386],"role":[107,127,228,492],"some":[109],"nonathletes":[113,361],"modeling":[116],"may":[117],"be":[118,246],"an":[119,146,254],"important":[120],"determinant":[121],"these":[123],"behaviors.":[124],"Introduction":[125],"as":[130,493,564],"perpetrators":[131],"has":[135],"increasingly":[136],"come":[137],"into":[138],"question":[139],"each":[141],"new":[142],"report":[144],"athlete":[147],"legal":[151,326],"infraction.":[152],"engaged":[154,422],"alcohol":[156,419,433,446,483],"drug":[158],"abuse,":[159,285,372],"coeds,":[163],"partners,":[164,173,383],"prostitutes,":[166],"strangers,":[172],"coaches":[175],"appear":[176],"regularity":[178],"popular":[181],"(Benedict,":[183],"1998).":[184,581],"Recent":[185],"empirical":[186],"studies":[187,338],"(Leichleter,":[191],"Meilman,":[192,465],"Presley,":[193],"&":[194,198,202,209,340,344],"Cashin":[195],"1998;":[196],"Nattiv":[197],"Puffer,":[199,341],"1991;":[200,204,342,346],"Overman":[201,343],"Terry,":[203,345],"Wechsler,":[205,348],"Davenport,":[206],"Dowdall,":[207],"Moeykens,":[208],"Castillo,":[210],"1997)":[211,351],"have":[212,352],"suggested":[213],"not":[217],"merely":[218],"campus":[221,263,536,561],"violence,":[222,562],"but":[223],"significant":[227,540],"its":[230],"genesis":[231],"other":[233,366,455],"students.":[234],"Frintner":[235],"Rubinson":[237],"(1993)":[238,299],"found":[239,440],"likely":[244],"violence":[250,537],"At":[253],"institution":[255],"where":[256],"comprised":[258],"only":[259],"2%":[260],"population,":[264],"implicated":[267],"20%":[269],"cases":[272,282,290,306],"assaults":[275],"or":[276,316],"attempted":[277],"assaults,":[279],"14%":[280],"11%":[287],"battery":[289],"including":[291],"coercion":[292],"intimidation.":[294],"Further,":[295],"Koss":[296],"Gaines":[298],"inordinately":[303],"gang":[308],"rape,":[309],"either":[313],"fraternity":[314],"members":[315],"Benedict":[318],"(1997,":[319],"1998)":[320],"further":[321],"elaborated":[322],"social":[324,499],"consequences":[327,431],"amateur":[329],"professional":[331],"involvement":[333,510],"Several":[337],"(Nattiv":[339],"et":[349,411],"al.,":[350],"demonstrated":[353],"incidents":[363,530],"forms":[367],"behavior.":[370],"Alcohol":[371],"unsafe":[373],"motor":[374],"vehicle":[375],"operation,":[376],"high-risk":[377],"recreational":[378],"activities,":[379],"having":[380],"contracting":[385],"numbers":[387],"sexually":[389],"transmitted":[390],"diseases":[391],"among":[393],"cited.":[396],"In":[397,458],"data":[398],"collected":[399],"between":[400],"1994":[401],"1996":[403],"on":[404,508,532,577],"51,483":[405],"students":[406],"from":[407,432],"125":[408],"institutions,":[409],"Leichleter":[410],"al.":[412],"(1998)":[413],"consumed":[417],"per":[420],"week,":[421],"binge-drinking":[424],"often,":[426],"suffered":[428],"adverse":[430],"These":[437],"researchers":[438],"also":[439,474],"male":[442],"team":[443,452,456],"leaders":[444,453],"abused":[445],"significantly":[447],"female":[451],"members.":[457],"subsequent":[459],"analysis":[460],"data,":[464],"Leichliter,":[466],"Presley":[468],"(1999)":[469],"belonged":[475],"fraternities":[477],"heaviest":[480],"abusers":[481],"sample.":[486],"Collegiate":[487],"unique":[491],"representatives":[494],"their":[496,509],"institutions.":[497],"Their":[498],"status,":[500],"public":[501],"appearances,":[502],"discipline":[504],"all":[506],"predicated":[507],"athletics.":[512],"Civil":[513],"litigation":[514],"against":[515],"universities":[519],"they":[520],"represent,":[521],"along":[522],"recent":[524],"federal":[525],"reporting":[526],"requirements":[527],"for":[528],"criminal":[529],"occurring":[531],"campuses":[533,579],"making":[535],"issue":[541],"marketing,":[544],"fund":[545],"raising,":[546],"risk":[548],"management":[549],"efforts.":[550],"Effective":[551],"ameliorative":[552],"actions":[553],"aimed":[554],"at":[555],"curbing":[556],"traditionally":[557],"perceived":[558],"sources":[559],"such":[563],"crime":[565],"by":[566,571],"outside":[567],"intruders":[568],"rowdiness":[570],"Greek":[572],"organizations,":[573],"evidence":[576],"many":[578],"(Lively,":[580],"\u2026":[582]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
