{"id":"https://openalex.org/W140156873","doi":null,"title":"16. The Crime Reducing Effect of Improved Street Lighting: The Dudley Project","display_name":"16. The Crime Reducing Effect of Improved Street Lighting: The Dudley Project","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W140156873","mag":"140156873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:140156873","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.popcenter.org/library/scp/pdf/141-Painter_and_Farrington.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111461850","display_name":"Kate A. Painter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kate Painter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076762560","display_name":"David P. Farrington","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1312-2325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1312-2325"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David P. Farrington","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1312-2325","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5728,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92431246,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13850","display_name":"Night-time city culture","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/street-lighting","display_name":"street lighting","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crime-reduction","display_name":"crime reduction","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situational-crime-prevention","display_name":"situational crime prevention","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fear-of-crime","display_name":"fear of crime","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crime-displacement","display_name":"crime displacement","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-housing-estates","display_name":"public housing estates","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/victimization-surveys","display_name":"victimization surveys","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth","display_name":"youth","score":0.3479999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780409804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621701","display_name":"Apprehension","level":2,"score":0.8111186623573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778063457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788984","display_name":"Fear of crime","level":2,"score":0.6707074642181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776348852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855848","display_name":"Crime prevention","level":2,"score":0.6700308322906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.5594127178192139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780495726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2186896","display_name":"Estate","level":2,"score":0.534235954284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776157319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5185258","display_name":"Crime control","level":3,"score":0.5242921710014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151884938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914277","display_name":"Moral panic","level":2,"score":0.4828922748565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.45250946283340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778647717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12104567","display_name":"Housing estate","level":2,"score":0.4239004850387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82279013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q684740","display_name":"Real estate","level":2,"score":0.4167143702507019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.34998559951782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3405620753765106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3038625121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.2871503531932831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15282323956489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.15129947662353516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12875118851661682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.10857951641082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:140156873","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.popcenter.org/library/scp/pdf/141-Painter_and_Farrington.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7646999955177307},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6601999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W579994362","https://openalex.org/W2008028891","https://openalex.org/W643093628","https://openalex.org/W2043200091","https://openalex.org/W2958933878","https://openalex.org/W7099121424","https://openalex.org/W138112482","https://openalex.org/W2059367564","https://openalex.org/W656108749","https://openalex.org/W2610936685"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"EDITOR'S":[0],"NOTE:":[1],"Until":[2],"recently,":[3],"the":[4,36,44,67,86,104,129,146,151,163,177,183,187,190,200,214,219],"received":[5],"wisdom":[6],"on":[7,22,176],"improved":[8,191,215],"street":[9,72],"lighting":[10,73,192,216],"was":[11,155],"that":[12,66,138,213],"it":[13,18],"might":[14,169,204],"reduce":[15],"fear,":[16],"but":[17,235],"has":[19,59,81],"little":[20,156],"effect":[21],"crime":[23,68,109,139,161,175,211],"(Tien":[24],"et":[25,51],"al.,":[26],"1979).":[27],"This":[28,203],"view":[29],"is":[30,224],"now":[31],"changing,":[32],"largely":[33],"due":[34],"to":[35,83,162,182,199,208,226],"work":[37],"of":[38,46,63,71,78,88,106,131,140,158,160,221],"Kate":[39],"Painter":[40],"in":[41,115,128,145],"Britain,":[42],"In":[43,91],"face":[45],"much":[47,174],"skepticism":[48],"(cf.":[49],"Atkins":[50],"aJ.,":[52],"1991;":[53],"Ramsay":[54],"and":[55,119],"Newton,":[56],"199!),":[57],"she":[58,102],"produced":[60],"a":[61],"series":[62],"studies":[64,80],"suggesting":[65],"prevention":[69],"benefits":[70],"have":[74,170,205],"been":[75,171,206],"underestimated.":[76],"Each":[77],"her":[79],"sought":[82],"improve":[84],"an":[85],"methodology":[87],"earlier":[89],"ones.":[90],"this":[92,97,236],"latest":[93],"study,":[94],"written":[95],"for":[96,173,230],"volume":[98],"with":[99,150],"David":[100],"Farrington,":[101],"avoids":[103],"pitfalls":[105],"using":[107],"official":[108],"data":[110],"by":[111,186],"conducting":[112],"victimization":[113],"surveys":[114],"carefully":[116],"matched":[117],"experimental":[118,201],"control":[120,164,184],"areas":[121],"\u2014":[122],"two":[123],"adjacent":[124],"public":[125],"housing":[126],"estates":[127,178],"town":[130],"Dudley.":[132],"The":[133],"study":[134,237],"produces":[135],"clear":[136],"evidence":[137],"all":[141],"kinds":[142],"decreased":[143],"significantly":[144],"re-lit":[147],"estate":[148,185],"compared":[149],"control.":[152],"Moreover,":[153],"there":[154],"sign":[157],"displacement":[159],"estate.":[165],"Young":[166],"people":[167,196],"who":[168],"responsible":[172],"were":[179],"not":[180],"displaced":[181],"re-lighting.":[188],"Rather,":[189],"attracted":[193],"more":[194,210],"young":[195],"at":[197],"night":[198],"area.":[202],"expected":[207],"produce":[209],"except":[212],"probably":[217],"increased":[218],"fear":[220],"apprehension.":[222],"It":[223],"common":[225],"criticize":[227],"situational":[228],"measures":[229],"their":[231],"harmful":[232],"social":[233],"effects,":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}