{"id":"https://openalex.org/W139153262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.etds/80","title":"\"Army of One\" to \"Army Strong\" : visual media and U.S. Army recruitment during Bush\"s \"War on Terror\"","display_name":"\"Army of One\" to \"Army Strong\" : visual media and U.S. Army recruitment during Bush\"s \"War on Terror\"","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W139153262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.etds/80","mag":"139153262"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.37099/mtu.dc.etds/80","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.etds/80","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.etds/80","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1079&context=etds","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196391","display_name":"Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (Michigan Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","host_organization_name":"Michigan Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Michigan Technological University","raw_type":"dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1079&context=etds","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005890580","display_name":"Shawn Apostel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7746-8483","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7746-8483"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","display_name":"Michigan Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/0036rpn28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shawn Paul Apostel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan Technological University","Department Chair","Department of Humanities","Michigan Technological University Michigan Technological University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan Technological University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Chair","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Humanities","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan Technological University Michigan Technological University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005890580"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11982","display_name":"Rhetoric and Communication Studies","score":0.9365000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11982","display_name":"Rhetoric and Communication Studies","score":0.9365000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13250","display_name":"Semiotics and Representation Studies","score":0.046799998730421066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12632","display_name":"Visual Culture and Art Theory","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/war-on-terror","display_name":"war on terror","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-media","display_name":"visual media","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/america-s-army","display_name":"America's Army","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persuasive-design","display_name":"persuasive design","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-mythology","display_name":"American myth","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roland-barthes","display_name":"Roland Barthes","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/television-advertising","display_name":"television advertising","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-games","display_name":"video games","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iraq-war","display_name":"Iraq War","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-literacy","display_name":"multimodal literacy","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethos-pathos-and-logos","display_name":"rhetorical appeals","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interactivity","display_name":"interactivity","score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/music-video","display_name":"music video","score":0.7760000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5763154029846191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q316694","display_name":"Rhetorical question","level":2,"score":0.4950212836265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81631423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859","display_name":"Spanish Civil War","level":2,"score":0.4904284179210663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.47008538246154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42133412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319221","display_name":"Adventure","level":2,"score":0.44074875116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018412434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7889","display_name":"Video game","level":2,"score":0.42785027623176575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3536936938762665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.3437322974205017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.33925381302833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.3208749294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.308989942073822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.29006582498550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.2640993595123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.20159363746643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.19709214568138123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1650451123714447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13651278614997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.1267591118812561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.37099/mtu.dc.etds/80","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.etds/80","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.etds/80","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1079&context=etds","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196391","display_name":"Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (Michigan Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","host_organization_name":"Michigan Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Michigan Technological University","raw_type":"dissertation"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.mtu.edu:etds-1079","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/80","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196391","display_name":"Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (Michigan Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","host_organization_name":"Michigan Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.37099/mtu.dc.etds/80","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.etds/80","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.etds/80","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1079&context=etds","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196391","display_name":"Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (Michigan Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","host_organization_name":"Michigan Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Michigan Technological University","raw_type":"dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308380","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W139153262.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W139153262.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100383816","https://openalex.org/W304022097","https://openalex.org/W583517761","https://openalex.org/W592189485","https://openalex.org/W633269609","https://openalex.org/W1480098410","https://openalex.org/W1488477860","https://openalex.org/W1500952994","https://openalex.org/W1511827303","https://openalex.org/W1517010003","https://openalex.org/W1520944543","https://openalex.org/W1559665056","https://openalex.org/W1653062510","https://openalex.org/W1820567615","https://openalex.org/W1980850924","https://openalex.org/W1987562626","https://openalex.org/W1992115300","https://openalex.org/W1995258346","https://openalex.org/W1998042731","https://openalex.org/W2008363843","https://openalex.org/W2033506826","https://openalex.org/W2043367906","https://openalex.org/W2048691408","https://openalex.org/W2064744858","https://openalex.org/W2082521134","https://openalex.org/W2157889210","https://openalex.org/W2165474034","https://openalex.org/W2174337647","https://openalex.org/W2314010213","https://openalex.org/W2320494923","https://openalex.org/W2326416166","https://openalex.org/W2327597377","https://openalex.org/W2731516004","https://openalex.org/W2797166942","https://openalex.org/W2912707355","https://openalex.org/W2915172483","https://openalex.org/W2990831131","https://openalex.org/W3000624002","https://openalex.org/W3080484160","https://openalex.org/W3126200410","https://openalex.org/W3131824382","https://openalex.org/W3162528652","https://openalex.org/W4234408418","https://openalex.org/W4240762060","https://openalex.org/W4248583347","https://openalex.org/W4251157997","https://openalex.org/W4292952947","https://openalex.org/W6617137346","https://openalex.org/W6630853204","https://openalex.org/W6630908737","https://openalex.org/W6633111963","https://openalex.org/W6650966280","https://openalex.org/W6662609192","https://openalex.org/W6771724067","https://openalex.org/W6824368560","https://openalex.org/W6832717300","https://openalex.org/W6997178999","https://openalex.org/W7010241805","https://openalex.org/W7052156458","https://openalex.org/W7070417823","https://openalex.org/W7070887362","https://openalex.org/W7071969626","https://openalex.org/W7072268408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2181614528","https://openalex.org/W4321504378","https://openalex.org/W2550504815","https://openalex.org/W2982280871","https://openalex.org/W4283700345","https://openalex.org/W7044013618","https://openalex.org/W2233161528","https://openalex.org/W4283803592","https://openalex.org/W6917397256","https://openalex.org/W2991409248"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"From":[0],"Bush\u2019s":[1],"September":[2],"20,":[3],"2001":[4],"\u201cWar":[5],"on":[6,17,65,141,144,180,225],"Terror\u201d":[7],"speech":[8,16],"to":[9,11,36,58,70,86,98,126,192,238,308,328,337],"Congress":[10],"President-Elect":[12],"Barack":[13],"Obama\u2019s":[14],"acceptance":[15],"November":[18],"4,":[19],"2008,":[20],"the":[21,30,37,50,99,127,134,139,178,185,193,198,207,210,219,227,230,234,240,244,251,254,260,275,329],"U.S.":[22],"Army":[23],"produced":[24,268],"visual":[25,95,128,346],"recruitment":[26,136,245,266,310],"material":[27,267],"that":[28,188],"addressed":[29],"concerns":[31],"of":[32,52,55,105,133,200,229,243,253,259,278,303,342,345],"falling":[33],"enlistment":[34],"numbers\u2014due":[35],"prolonged":[38],"and":[39,45,67,73,83,118,156,204,209,233,281,296,322,335],"difficult":[40],"war":[41,108],"in":[42,166],"Iraq\u2014with":[43],"quickly-evolving":[44],"compelling":[46],"rhetorical":[47],"appeals:":[48],"from":[49,62,80],"introduction":[51],"an":[53,106],"\u201cArmy":[54,59,190],"One\u201d":[56],"(2001)":[57],"Strong\u201d":[60,191],"(2006);":[61],"messages":[63],"focused":[64],"education":[66],"individual":[68],"identity":[69],"high-energy":[71],"adventure":[72],"simulated":[74],"combat":[75],"scenarios,":[76],"distributed":[77],"through":[78,158],"everything":[79],"printed":[81,174],"posters":[82],"music":[84,205],"videos":[85],"first-person":[87],"tactical-shooter":[88],"video":[89,220],"games.":[90],"These":[91],"highly":[92],"polished,":[93],"professional":[94],"appeals":[96],"introduced":[97,189],"American":[100,145,194],"public":[101],"during":[102,138,269],"a":[103,123,301,313,339],"time":[104,271],"unpopular":[107],"fought":[109],"by":[110,148,300,332],"volunteers":[111],"provide":[112],"rich":[113],"subject":[114],"matter":[115],"for":[116],"research":[117],"analysis.":[119],"This":[120,215],"dissertation":[121,171,216],"takes":[122],"multidisciplinary":[124],"approach":[125],"media":[129,161,280,311,347],"utilized":[130],"as":[131,177],"part":[132],"Army\u2019s":[135],"efforts":[137],"War":[140,179],"Terror,":[142],"focusing":[143,224],"myths\u2014as":[146],"defined":[147],"Barthes\u2014and":[149],"how":[150,173,197,226,250,282,293,323],"these":[151],"myths":[152],"are":[153],"both":[154],"revealed":[155],"reinforced":[157],"design":[159,252],"across":[160],"platforms.":[162],"Placing":[163],"each":[164],"selection":[165],"its":[167],"historical":[168],"context,":[169],"this":[170,270,324],"analyzes":[172,218],"materials":[175],"changed":[176],"Terror":[181],"continued.":[182],"It":[183,290],"examines":[184],"television":[186],"ad":[187],"public,":[195],"considering":[196],"combination":[199],"moving":[201],"image,":[202],"text,":[203],"structure":[206],"message":[208],"way":[211],"we":[212],"receive":[213],"it.":[214],"also":[217,291],"game":[221],"America\u2019s":[222],"Army,":[223],"interaction":[228],"human":[231],"player":[232,236],"computer-generated":[235],"combine":[237],"enhance":[239],"persuasive":[241,276],"qualities":[242],"message.":[246],"Each":[247],"chapter":[248],"discusses":[249],"particular":[255],"medium":[256],"facilitates":[257],"engagement/interactivity":[258],"viewer.":[261],"The":[262],"conclusion":[263],"considers":[264],"what":[265],"period":[272],"suggests":[273],"about":[274],"strategies":[277],"different":[279],"they":[283],"create":[284],"distinct":[285],"relationships":[286],"with":[287,348],"their":[288],"spectators.":[289],"addresses":[292],"theoretical":[294],"frameworks":[295],"critical":[297],"concepts":[298],"used":[299],"variety":[302],"disciplines":[304],"can":[305,326],"be":[306],"combined":[307],"analyze":[309],"utilizing":[312],"Selber":[314],"inspired":[315],"three":[316],"literacy":[317],"framework":[318,325],"(functional,":[319],"critical,":[320],"rhetorical)":[321],"contribute":[327],"multimodal":[330],"classroom":[331],"allowing":[333],"instructors":[334],"students":[336],"do":[338],"comparative":[340],"analysis":[341],"multiple":[343],"forms":[344],"similar":[349],"content.":[350]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}