{"id":"https://openalex.org/W138752182","doi":null,"title":"Potential Pitfalls of Ethnocentricism in a Globalizing World","display_name":"Potential Pitfalls of Ethnocentricism in a Globalizing World","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W138752182","mag":"138752182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:138752182","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-259679620/potential-pitfalls-of-ethnocentricism-in-a-globalizing","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764368359","display_name":"College student journal","issn_l":"0146-3934","issn":["0146-3934","2691-3887"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697738","host_organization_name":"Project Innovation Austin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project Innovation Austin"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"College student journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091649818","display_name":"Joseph M. Tomkiewicz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Tomkiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082336027","display_name":"Kenneth E. Bass","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Bass","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003377212","display_name":"Anthony Gribble","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Gribble","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3906,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86936163,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"2","first_page":"369","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14031","display_name":"Global and Cross-Cultural Management","score":0.5634999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14031","display_name":"Global and Cross-Cultural Management","score":0.5634999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10907","display_name":"International Student and Expatriate Challenges","score":0.33250001072883606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11454","display_name":"Cultural Differences and Values","score":0.04569999873638153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnocentrism","display_name":"ethnocentrism","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globalization","display_name":"globalization","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-students","display_name":"business students","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-cultural-perception","display_name":"cross-cultural perception","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managerial-perceptions","display_name":"managers' perceptions","score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-business","display_name":"international business","score":0.35499998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intercultural-competence","display_name":"intercultural competence","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internationalization-of-firms","display_name":"internationalization of firms","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intercultural-communication","display_name":"intercultural communication","score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-adaptability","display_name":"cultural adaptability","score":0.33899998664855957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122445209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189049","display_name":"Ethnocentrism","level":2,"score":0.7081043720245361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.532914400100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.46008017659187317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.44004154205322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109167261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421955","display_name":"Fell","level":2,"score":0.42249441146850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.35212475061416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3516373634338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.33179450035095215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3275124430656433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.26485884189605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.22410041093826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15809309482574463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1393701732158661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:138752182","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-259679620/potential-pitfalls-of-ethnocentricism-in-a-globalizing","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764368359","display_name":"College student journal","issn_l":"0146-3934","issn":["0146-3934","2691-3887"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697738","host_organization_name":"Project Innovation Austin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project Innovation Austin"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"College student journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100807217","https://openalex.org/W1967402007","https://openalex.org/W2602723911","https://openalex.org/W2130829561","https://openalex.org/W2565819831","https://openalex.org/W2610814195","https://openalex.org/W2075346698","https://openalex.org/W1977193795","https://openalex.org/W2262265444","https://openalex.org/W4294686757"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,390],"research":[1],"was":[2,164,171,185,221,558,563,577,579,585],"designed":[3],"to":[4,19,32,131,181,217,233,247,284,317,338,342,361,367,402,450,460,530,540,595],"evaluate":[5],"ethnocentrism":[6,103],"among":[7],"college":[8,327,375,398],"business":[9,324,386,420,422,430,466],"students":[10,336,423,458],"in":[11,48,52,62,76,81,88,108,128,148,178,208,263,265,269,345,415,431,447],"a":[12,21,355,394,404,419,548,560],"public":[13],"U.S.":[14],"university.":[15],"Subjects":[16],"were":[17,55,70,74,215,590],"asked":[18,30],"complete":[20],"modified":[22],"Descriptive":[23],"Index":[24],"instrument":[25],"(Schein":[26],"1973,":[27],"1975)":[28],"that":[29,101,146,161,169,188,334,352,393,551,570,589],"them":[31],"describe":[33],"American":[34,58,84,596],"managers,":[35,37,39,41,45],"British":[36],"Chinese":[38,44,96],"Indian":[40],"post":[42,94],"Olympic":[43,95],"and":[46,60,83,86,90,93,136,168,241,268,276,286,292,318,388,410,472,495,506,515,521,537,566],"managers":[47,59,61,80,85,87],"general.":[49],"Significant":[50],"similarities":[51],"subjects'":[53,77],"perceptions":[54,78,531],"found":[56,75],"between":[57],"each":[63],"of":[64,79,236,260,298,309,323,358,383,397,428,433,440,465,480,491,512,532,547,574],"the":[258],"other":[66],"groups.":[67],"When":[68],"dyads":[69],"compared,":[71],"significant":[72],"differences":[73],"general":[82,89],"Chinese,":[91],"Indian,":[92],"managers.":[97],"The":[98,134,157,199,288,368,438],"results":[99],"suggest":[100],"student's":[102],"may":[104,122],"be":[105,123,343],"an":[106,141],"impediment":[107],"students'":[109],"careers":[110,315],"as":[111,377],"they":[112,353,436],"face":[113],"globalizing":[115],"job":[116,340],"market.":[117],"Special":[118],"training":[119],"regarding":[120],"multi-culturism":[121],"warranted.":[124],"**********":[125],"Friedman":[126],"(1999),":[127],"introduction":[130,449],"book":[133],"Lexus":[135],"Olive":[138],"Tree,":[139],"quoted":[140],"ad":[142],"by":[143,223,254,379],"Merrill":[144],"Lynch":[145],"ran":[147],"major":[149],"newspapers":[150],"throughout":[151],"America":[152,562],"on":[153],"October":[154],"11,":[155],"1998.":[156],"ad,":[158,183],"paraphrased,":[159],"declared":[160],"world":[163,289,302,363,501,549,576],"ten":[165],"years":[166],"old":[167],"it":[170,184,349],"born":[172],"when":[173],"Berlin":[175],"Wall":[176],"fell":[177],"1989.":[179],"According":[180,366],"not":[186,559,580,591],"surprising":[187],"world's":[190,238],"youngest":[191],"economy-the":[192],"global":[193,504],"economy-was":[194],"still":[195],"finding":[196],"its":[197],"bearings.":[198],"term":[200,231],"globalization":[281,409,441,481],"suddenly":[202],"became":[203],"ubiquitous,":[204],"appearing":[205],"almost":[206],"daily":[207],"virtually":[209],"every":[210,448],"media":[211],"form.":[212],"Quickly":[213],"following":[214],"attempts":[216],"'define'":[218],"exactly":[219],"what":[220,456,571],"meant":[222],"term.":[225],"What":[476],"is":[227,250,350,385],"globalization?":[228],"Generically,":[229],"refers":[232],"melding":[235],"economic,":[239],"cultural":[240],"political":[242],"systems.":[243],"However,":[244],"perhaps":[245],"more":[246],"point":[249],"definition":[252],"proposed":[253],"Peter":[255],"Stearns":[256],"(2003):":[257],"acceleration":[259],"interregional":[261],"contacts":[262],"speed,":[264],"increased":[266],"volume,":[267],"widening":[270],"range.":[271],"Since":[272],"early":[274],"1990s":[275],"into":[277],"new":[279,296],"millennium":[280],"has":[282,290,442],"continued":[283],"accelerate":[285],"spread.":[287],"shrunk":[291],"with":[293,320,408],"this":[294,463],"phenomenon":[295,464],"ways":[297],"looking":[299],"at":[300,364],"have":[303,354,403],"emerged,":[304],"especially":[305,539],"from":[306],"perspective":[308,357],"those":[310,541],"who":[311],"will":[312,424,482],"spend":[313],"their":[314,346,359,416],"adjusting":[316],"coping":[319],"internationalization":[322],"operations":[325],"(i.e.,":[326],"aged":[328],"adults).":[329],"Garavalia":[330],"(1997)":[331],"pointed":[332],"out":[333],"while":[335],"need":[337],"learn":[339,461],"skills":[341],"productive":[344],"own":[347],"countries,":[348],"important":[351,478],"realistic":[356],"relationships":[360],"large.":[365],"Princeton":[369],"Review":[370],"(2009),":[371],"most":[373],"popular":[374],"major,":[376],"reported":[378],"greatest":[381],"number":[382,396],"colleges,":[384],"administration":[387],"management.":[389],"survey":[391],"suggested":[392],"large":[395],"graduates":[399],"are":[400,457],"likely":[401,459],"direct":[405],"first-hand":[406],"relationship":[407],"related":[411],"concepts.":[412],"As":[413,468],"such,":[414],"studies":[417],"toward":[418],"degree,":[421],"confront":[425],"idea":[427],"international":[429],"many":[432],"courses":[435],"take.":[437],"topic":[439],"been":[443],"included,":[444],"without":[445],"exaggeration,":[446],"management":[451],"textbook":[452],"currently":[453],"available.":[454],"And":[455],"about":[462],"internationalization?":[467],"one":[469,499],"example,":[470],"Knicki":[471],"Williams":[473],"(2008)":[474],"ask:":[475],"three":[477],"developments":[479],"probably":[483],"affect":[484],"me?":[485],"Their":[486],"answers:":[487],"1-":[488],"rise":[490,511],"'global":[493],"village'":[494],"electronic":[496],"commerce;":[497],"2-":[498],"big":[500,564],"market:":[502],"economy;":[505],"3-":[507],"cross-border":[508],"business:":[509],"both":[513],"megamergers":[514],"minifirms":[516],"worldwide.":[517],"In":[518,543],"1958,":[519],"Lederer":[520],"Burdick":[522],"coined":[523],"epithet":[525],"Ugly":[526],"American.":[527],"It":[528],"referred":[529],"Americans":[533],"being":[534],"overbearing,":[535],"ignominious":[536],"insensitive,":[538],"overseas.":[542],"1958":[544],"concept":[546],"economy":[550],"eventually":[552],"did":[553],"become":[554],"reality":[556],"'globalization'":[557],"consideration.":[561],"enough":[565,568],"rich":[567],"so":[569],"rest":[573],"doing":[578],"really":[581],"very":[582,592],"important.":[583],"Japan":[584],"making":[586],"'laughable'":[587],"cars":[588],"well":[593],"suited":[594],"driving":[597],"conditions":[598],"or":[599],"tastes.":[600],"\u2026":[601]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}