{"id":"https://openalex.org/W138586294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.3.333","title":"Exposure to atrocities and severity of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam combat veterans","display_name":"Exposure to atrocities and severity of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam combat veterans","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W138586294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.3.333","mag":"138586294","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1536270"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1176/ajp.149.3.333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.3.333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.3.333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116025658","display_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0002-953X","issn":["0002-953X","1535-7228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316602","host_organization_name":"American Psychiatric Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychiatric Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088026153","display_name":"Rachel Yehuda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8307-677X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8307-677X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98704320","display_name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","ror":"https://ror.org/04a9tmd77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320796813","https://openalex.org/I98704320"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Yehuda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98704320"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"S M Southwick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S M Southwick","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019326658","display_name":"Earl L. Giller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1273-3650","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1273-3650"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E L Giller","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.6911,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":118,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98050682,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"149","issue":"3","first_page":"333","last_page":"336"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10762","display_name":"Migration, Health and Trauma","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10426","display_name":"Child Abuse and Trauma","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posttraumatic-stress-disorder","display_name":"post-traumatic stress disorder","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vietnam-veterans","display_name":"Vietnam War veterans","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combat-veterans","display_name":"combat veterans","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atrocities","display_name":"atrocities","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combat-exposure","display_name":"combat exposure","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ptsd-symptom-severity","display_name":"PTSD symptom severity","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/re-experiencing-symptoms","display_name":"re-experiencing symptoms","score":0.9819999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991847609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202387","display_name":"Posttraumatic stress","level":2,"score":0.8323961496353149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54589662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8740","display_name":"Vietnam War","level":2,"score":0.6368280649185181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5108794569969177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.47553253173828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4474317729473114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3454122543334961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11443662643432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003130","descriptor_name":"Combat Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003130","descriptor_name":"Combat Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008016","descriptor_name":"Life Change Events","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010555","descriptor_name":"Personality Inventory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011569","descriptor_name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014728","descriptor_name":"Veterans","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014744","descriptor_name":"Vietnam","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014754","descriptor_name":"Violence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1176/ajp.149.3.333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.3.333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.3.333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116025658","display_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0002-953X","issn":["0002-953X","1535-7228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316602","host_organization_name":"American Psychiatric Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychiatric Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1536270","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1536270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9789000153541565}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3334704983","display_name":"GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS AND CORTISOL REGULATION IN PTSD","funder_award_id":"5r03mh049536-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4937934553","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MH17122","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G522412232","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MH-49536","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6291968496","display_name":"POSTDOCTORAL TRAINING IN CLINICAL RESEARCH","funder_award_id":"T32MH017122","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94318546","https://openalex.org/W174192518","https://openalex.org/W1973770544","https://openalex.org/W2057240029","https://openalex.org/W2066358461","https://openalex.org/W2114613490","https://openalex.org/W2331182918","https://openalex.org/W2410662649","https://openalex.org/W3161626897"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048374498","https://openalex.org/W1969286557","https://openalex.org/W2464176312","https://openalex.org/W2061704917","https://openalex.org/W2500888864","https://openalex.org/W2153131683","https://openalex.org/W2003271494","https://openalex.org/W2179943853","https://openalex.org/W1983033310","https://openalex.org/W2168871568"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1,104],"authors'":[2],"objective":[3],"was":[4,42,70,83],"to":[5,32,46,68,100,124],"explore":[6],"aspects":[7],"of":[8,13,24,51,113,133],"trauma":[9],"associated":[10,86,120,135],"with":[11,35,74,87,122,136],"severity":[12,29,112],"posttraumatic":[14],"stress":[15,25],"disorder":[16],"(PTSD)":[17],"in":[18],"Vietnam":[19],"veterans.":[20],"METHOD:":[21],"Several":[22],"ratings":[23],"exposure":[26,45,81,123],"and":[27,48,93,111,128],"symptom":[28,76,89],"were":[30,97],"administered":[31],"40":[33],"patients":[34],"combat-related":[36],"PTSD.":[37],"RESULTS:":[38],"A":[39],"significant":[40],"relationship":[41],"observed":[43],"between":[44],"atrocities":[47,69],"the":[49,59,108,131],"impact":[50],"PTSD":[52,114],"on":[53,116],"veterans'":[54],"lives,":[55],"as":[56],"measured":[57],"by":[58],"Mississippi":[60],"Scale":[61],"for":[62],"Combat-Related":[63],"Posttraumatic":[64],"Stress":[65],"Disorder.":[66],"Exposure":[67],"also":[71],"significantly":[72,85,98],"correlated":[73],"current":[75],"severity.":[77,90],"In":[78],"contrast,":[79],"combat":[80,94],"alone":[82],"not":[84],"overall":[88],"Both":[91],"atrocity":[92],"exposure,":[95],"however,":[96],"related":[99],"reexperiencing":[101],"symptoms.":[102],"CONCLUSIONS:":[103],"data":[105],"suggest":[106],"that":[107],"enduring":[109],"effect":[110],"symptoms":[115],"an":[117],"individual":[118],"are":[119],"more":[121],"brutal":[125],"human":[126],"death":[127,134],"suffering":[129],"than":[130],"threat":[132],"combat.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}