{"id":"https://openalex.org/W138467563","doi":null,"title":"National standards/local implementation: Case studies of differing perceptions of national education standards in Papua New Guinea","display_name":"National standards/local implementation: Case studies of differing perceptions of national education standards in Papua New Guinea","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W138467563","mag":"138467563"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:138467563","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15919/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306510306","display_name":"Faculty of Education","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty of Education","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033500550","display_name":"Michael Tapo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Tapo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033500550"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12884","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","score":0.31349998712539673,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12884","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","score":0.31349998712539673,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10457","display_name":"Education Pedagogy and Practices","score":0.20509999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10008","display_name":"Teacher Education and Leadership Studies","score":0.15469999611377716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-educational-standards","display_name":"national education standards","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum-implementation","display_name":"curriculum implementation","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-perceptions","display_name":"teacher perceptions","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-school","display_name":"elementary school","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-education","display_name":"primary education","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/papua-new-guinea","display_name":"Papua New Guinea","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-professionalism","display_name":"teacher professionalism","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-leadership","display_name":"school leadership","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-knowledge-for-teaching","display_name":"teacher content knowledge","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogical-skills","display_name":"pedagogical skills","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assessment-practices","display_name":"assessment practices","score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonial-education-policy","display_name":"colonial education policy","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-constructivism","display_name":"social constructivism","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situated-learning","display_name":"situated learning","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-community-relations","display_name":"school-community relations","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-and-rural-schools","display_name":"rural and urban schools","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum-committee","display_name":"curriculum committee","score":0.3059999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.5907520055770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.5332885384559631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780126709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6979578","display_name":"National curriculum","level":3,"score":0.490220844745636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92936396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135710","display_name":"Social constructivism","level":2,"score":0.46059051156044006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.453792005777359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780805685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374230","display_name":"Teacher education","level":2,"score":0.4466792643070221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.4389737844467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133281099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783023","display_name":"Constructivism (international relations)","level":4,"score":0.41330277919769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4072774648666382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3254709243774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.27705466747283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15090078115463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.1395309865474701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34355311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166542","display_name":"International relations","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:138467563","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15919/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306510306","display_name":"Faculty of Education","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty of Education","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9901999831199646}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":119,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3698336","https://openalex.org/W13209288","https://openalex.org/W14660470","https://openalex.org/W43140085","https://openalex.org/W52818507","https://openalex.org/W81976031","https://openalex.org/W83100208","https://openalex.org/W86774480","https://openalex.org/W92350487","https://openalex.org/W188959462","https://openalex.org/W194573311","https://openalex.org/W198576159","https://openalex.org/W232226369","https://openalex.org/W320017844","https://openalex.org/W356152256","https://openalex.org/W562054202","https://openalex.org/W563246804","https://openalex.org/W567506413","https://openalex.org/W575715318","https://openalex.org/W610533897","https://openalex.org/W617963602","https://openalex.org/W636985270","https://openalex.org/W641512832","https://openalex.org/W648800920","https://openalex.org/W657201751","https://openalex.org/W764944267","https://openalex.org/W1483808191","https://openalex.org/W1488276079","https://openalex.org/W1493628934","https://openalex.org/W1496698723","https://openalex.org/W1499061017","https://openalex.org/W1502899099","https://openalex.org/W1503474447","https://openalex.org/W1506460706","https://openalex.org/W1510426010","https://openalex.org/W1513015619","https://openalex.org/W1528022241","https://openalex.org/W1542932561","https://openalex.org/W1562241008","https://openalex.org/W1566678405","https://openalex.org/W1568871075","https://openalex.org/W1577785489","https://openalex.org/W1586291495","https://openalex.org/W1586903773","https://openalex.org/W1593545921","https://openalex.org/W1597798575","https://openalex.org/W1607675442","https://openalex.org/W1631767606","https://openalex.org/W1754306792","https://openalex.org/W1771616203","https://openalex.org/W1780382453","https://openalex.org/W1780766673","https://openalex.org/W1883535289","https://openalex.org/W1964992049","https://openalex.org/W1968349832","https://openalex.org/W1976308078","https://openalex.org/W1977457786","https://openalex.org/W1985852959","https://openalex.org/W1989561636","https://openalex.org/W1991370396","https://openalex.org/W1991947053","https://openalex.org/W1994434576","https://openalex.org/W1998234620","https://openalex.org/W2000117884","https://openalex.org/W2000819111","https://openalex.org/W2001733688","https://openalex.org/W2004538745","https://openalex.org/W2004934936","https://openalex.org/W2010021643","https://openalex.org/W2013596317","https://openalex.org/W2019116396","https://openalex.org/W2026066942","https://openalex.org/W2028019387","https://openalex.org/W2047926687","https://openalex.org/W2050209921","https://openalex.org/W2061235988","https://openalex.org/W2062363309","https://openalex.org/W2066928323","https://openalex.org/W2069816067","https://openalex.org/W2072638840","https://openalex.org/W2077758619","https://openalex.org/W2085234963","https://openalex.org/W2085789214","https://openalex.org/W2087991593","https://openalex.org/W2088922109","https://openalex.org/W2091285068","https://openalex.org/W2091845777","https://openalex.org/W2093063177","https://openalex.org/W2102748060","https://openalex.org/W2102867679","https://openalex.org/W2116199508","https://openalex.org/W2118814053","https://openalex.org/W2122955616","https://openalex.org/W2126849259","https://openalex.org/W2132542737","https://openalex.org/W2141402192","https://openalex.org/W2143811122","https://openalex.org/W2145957061","https://openalex.org/W2149823506","https://openalex.org/W2150493189","https://openalex.org/W2151357365","https://openalex.org/W2154171617","https://openalex.org/W2157764040","https://openalex.org/W2159445944","https://openalex.org/W2164599981","https://openalex.org/W2174561544","https://openalex.org/W2177920891","https://openalex.org/W2291617711","https://openalex.org/W2295776085","https://openalex.org/W2324077260","https://openalex.org/W2892747141","https://openalex.org/W2985843799","https://openalex.org/W2989325268","https://openalex.org/W2992112977","https://openalex.org/W2993214688","https://openalex.org/W2996664921","https://openalex.org/W3047614709","https://openalex.org/W3215786264","https://openalex.org/W4240227164"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W852322054","https://openalex.org/W7166490656","https://openalex.org/W4285445450","https://openalex.org/W3088817792","https://openalex.org/W7118996343","https://openalex.org/W3113507982","https://openalex.org/W4311796422","https://openalex.org/W3199178859","https://openalex.org/W4392254201","https://openalex.org/W7220321408"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,37,51,76,320,367,410,451],"research":[1,21,117],"investigated":[2],"teachers'perceptions,":[3],"understandings":[4],"and":[5,12,23,32,71,92,108,124,127,145,167,183,210,213,223,235,258,267,298,305,318,338,345,382,407,418,423,467,470,478],"implementation":[6,109,236,372,435],"of":[7,34,57,60,110,116,129,148,200,220,237,247,285,289,299,302,310,324,353,373,385,416,436,445,457,464],"education":[8,62,112,192,249,357,374,396,405,425,447,459],"standards":[9,193,238,250,276,358,375,397,448,466],"in":[10,15,41,205,260,327,339,481],"elementary":[11],"primary":[13],"schools":[14],"Papua":[16,386,482],"New":[17,387,483],"Guinea.":[18,484],"The":[19,283,308],"main":[20],"question":[22],"two":[24],"sub-questions":[25],"were":[26,119,203,331,348],"designed":[27],"to":[28,84,105,121,155,189,257,273,293,333,350],"explore":[29],"teachers'":[30,58,123,166,232,244,290,315,402],"perceptions":[31,56,126],"understanding":[33,107],"national":[35,61,111,191,356,422,446,465],"standards.":[36,113],"exploration":[38],"engaged":[39,153],"teachers":[40,172,209],"identifying":[42],"factors":[43,230],"which":[44,102],"they":[45],"believed":[46],"influenced":[47,231,270,400],"their":[48,90,130,157,255,261,271],"professional":[49,131,262],"work.":[50,263],"study":[52,64,74,207,226,368,440],"also":[53],"explored":[54],"stakeholders'":[55,125],"interpretations":[59],"standards.\r\n\r\nThis":[63],"adopted":[65],"social":[66,381,477],"constructivist":[67],"epistemology,":[68],"symbolic":[69],"interactionism,":[70],"ethnographic":[72],"case":[73,187],"methodology.":[75],"provided":[77],"the":[78,149,240,340,364,380,393,414,421,433],"basis":[79],"for":[80,164,171,177,280],"its":[81],"theoretical":[82],"framework":[83,101],"purposefully":[85],"understand":[86,190],"human":[87],"interactions":[88],"within":[89],"culture":[91,323],"context.":[93],"Social":[94],"constructivism":[95],"accommodates":[96],"situated":[97],"learning,":[98],"a":[99,322,428,443,455],"conceptual":[100],"was":[103,251],"adapted":[104],"interrogate":[106],"A":[114,198],"variety":[115],"methods":[118,134],"used":[120],"elicit":[122],"experiences":[128],"world.":[132],"These":[133],"included":[135],"in-depth":[136],"interviews,":[137],"focus":[138,150],"group":[139,151],"discussions,":[140],"documentary":[141],"analysis,":[142],"field":[143],"notes":[144],"observations.":[146],"Most":[147],"discussions":[152],"participants":[154,202],"tell":[156],"stories,":[158],"thus":[159,253],"storytelling":[160],"became":[161,173,186],"an":[162,195,360],"avenue":[163],"eliciting":[165],"stakeholders'perceptions.":[168],"Workshops":[169],"conducted":[170],"another":[174],"important":[175],"strategy":[176],"data":[178],"collection.\r\n\r\nTwo":[179],"schools,":[180],"one":[181,184],"rural":[182],"urban,":[185],"studies":[188],"as":[194],"external":[196],"phenomenon.":[197],"total":[199],"595":[201],"involved":[204],"this":[206],"including":[208],"pupils,":[211],"parents":[212],"community":[214,408],"members,":[215,218],"school":[216,241,312],"board":[217],"members":[219],"curriculum":[221],"committees,":[222],"policy":[224,362],"makers.\r\n\r\nThe":[225],"found":[227,369],"numerous":[228],"contextual":[229],"understandings,":[233],"interpretation":[234],"at":[239],"level.":[242],"Foremost,":[243],"own":[245],"knowledge":[246,266,344],"formal":[248],"deficient":[252],"influencing":[254],"commitment":[256],"enthusiasm":[259],"Teachers'":[264],"content":[265,275,304],"pedagogical":[268],"skills":[269,346],"ability":[272],"translate":[274],"into":[277],"clear":[278],"benchmarks":[279],"pupils'":[281,294],"learning.":[282],"absence":[284,309],"effective":[286,311],"monitoring":[287],"systems":[288],"performance":[291,306],"contributed":[292],"superficial":[295],"assessment":[296],"reports":[297],"uncoordinated":[300],"mastery":[301],"subject":[303],"skills.":[307],"leadership":[313],"affected":[314],"commitment,":[316],"attitudes":[317],"professionalism.":[319],"generated":[321],"isolationism":[325],"acute":[326],"both":[328],"schools.":[329],"Teachers":[330],"performing":[332],"hierarchically":[334],"externally":[335],"imposed":[336],"requirements,":[337],"process,":[341],"overlooked":[342],"essential":[343],"that":[347,370,442],"needed":[349],"improve":[351],"quality":[352],"students'":[354],"learning.\r\n\r\nThe":[355],"are":[359,398],"inherited":[361],"from":[363],"colonial":[365],"administration.":[366],"successful":[371,434],"is":[376,411,449],"highly":[377,399],"dependent":[378],"on":[379,432],"cultural":[383,479],"expectations":[384],"Guinea's":[388],"rapidly":[389],"changing":[390],"society.":[391],"At":[392],"local":[394,468],"level,":[395],"by":[401,413,474],"professionalism,":[403],"provincial":[404,424],"boards":[406],"expectations.":[409],"compounded":[412],"mismatch":[415],"priorities":[417],"policies":[419],"between":[420],"divisions.":[426],"Such":[427],"practice":[429],"impacts":[430],"negatively":[431],"educational":[437],"reform":[438],"agendas.\r\n\r\nThe":[439],"implies":[441],"reconsideration":[444],"necessary.":[450],"process":[452],"will":[453],"involve":[454],"rethinking":[456],"teacher":[458],"programmes,":[460],"dismantling":[461],"previous":[462],"assumptions":[463],"implementation,":[469],"accommodating":[471],"challenges":[472],"presented":[473],"economic,":[475],"political,":[476],"change":[480]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}