{"id":"https://openalex.org/W138414653","doi":null,"title":"Designing a nanoscale x-ray source: towards single molecule x-ray scattering","display_name":"Designing a nanoscale x-ray source: towards single molecule x-ray scattering","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W138414653","mag":"138414653"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:52042","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/52042/1/Froud_2007_thesis_4082.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/52042/1/Froud_2007_thesis_4082.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/52042/1/Froud_2007_thesis_4082.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011804244","display_name":"Christopher A. Froud","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. A. Froud","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011804244"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10566","display_name":"Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10566","display_name":"Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11183","display_name":"Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10559","display_name":"Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/femtosecond-x-ray-sources","display_name":"femtosecond X-ray sources","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-harmonic-generation","display_name":"high harmonic generation","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argon","display_name":"argon","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-ray-focusing","display_name":"X-ray focusing","score":0.6990000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.7189062833786011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167735695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1777507","display_name":"Femtosecond","level":3,"score":0.6909151673316956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779328170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34777","display_name":"X-ray","level":2,"score":0.5597826838493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5375743508338928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131888329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027679","display_name":"Small-angle X-ray scattering","level":3,"score":0.5325528383255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198291218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190382","display_name":"Ionization","level":3,"score":0.5099824666976929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45206210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2415817","display_name":"Nanoscopic scale","level":2,"score":0.5053134560585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188414643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Harmonics","level":3,"score":0.497830867767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.49753835797309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35655370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q359639","display_name":"X-ray optics","level":3,"score":0.4498507082462311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49853544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206229","display_name":"Biomolecule","level":2,"score":0.4491363763809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.44546547532081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4368327260017395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3827766478061676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.29782724380493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.29301220178604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.18774226307868958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.06180459260940552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:52042","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/52042/1/Froud_2007_thesis_4082.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/52042/1/Froud_2007_thesis_4082.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uilis.unsyiah.ac.id:31949","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://uilis.unsyiah.ac.id/opentheses/items/show/31949","pdf_url":"http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/52042/1/Froud_2007_thesis_4082.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196378","display_name":"UPT. Syiah Kuala University Library (Syiah Kuala University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187494767","host_organization_name":"Universitas Syiah Kuala","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187494767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/944076","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/944076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"U - Thesis"},{"id":"mag:138414653","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/52042/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:52042","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/52042/1/Froud_2007_thesis_4082.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/52042/1/Froud_2007_thesis_4082.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W138414653.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W138414653.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":101,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W624093280","https://openalex.org/W1488329660","https://openalex.org/W1492262300","https://openalex.org/W1510308575","https://openalex.org/W1538519378","https://openalex.org/W1585641754","https://openalex.org/W1642258536","https://openalex.org/W1644255933","https://openalex.org/W1666853924","https://openalex.org/W1964347990","https://openalex.org/W1965709396","https://openalex.org/W1967265181","https://openalex.org/W1969290621","https://openalex.org/W1971820440","https://openalex.org/W1972572308","https://openalex.org/W1974606105","https://openalex.org/W1978979115","https://openalex.org/W1979700120","https://openalex.org/W1980801076","https://openalex.org/W1980874627","https://openalex.org/W1982163348","https://openalex.org/W1988305611","https://openalex.org/W1991101760","https://openalex.org/W1991645999","https://openalex.org/W1991801420","https://openalex.org/W1994233057","https://openalex.org/W1995524771","https://openalex.org/W1997580903","https://openalex.org/W2002849329","https://openalex.org/W2005542066","https://openalex.org/W2005653290","https://openalex.org/W2007593159","https://openalex.org/W2013583877","https://openalex.org/W2018097430","https://openalex.org/W2019242121","https://openalex.org/W2022066153","https://openalex.org/W2022204404","https://openalex.org/W2024812839","https://openalex.org/W2025898727","https://openalex.org/W2026485449","https://openalex.org/W2026946641","https://openalex.org/W2027377845","https://openalex.org/W2028724323","https://openalex.org/W2031756615","https://openalex.org/W2036835433","https://openalex.org/W2039616300","https://openalex.org/W2042676452","https://openalex.org/W2043470528","https://openalex.org/W2044067844","https://openalex.org/W2044613770","https://openalex.org/W2045404631","https://openalex.org/W2046110307","https://openalex.org/W2047087020","https://openalex.org/W2048422869","https://openalex.org/W2050596054","https://openalex.org/W2051054871","https://openalex.org/W2052358360","https://openalex.org/W2053201987","https://openalex.org/W2059131330","https://openalex.org/W2059986278","https://openalex.org/W2061351641","https://openalex.org/W2062964852","https://openalex.org/W2066841783","https://openalex.org/W2067722473","https://openalex.org/W2067744570","https://openalex.org/W2070337462","https://openalex.org/W2072262382","https://openalex.org/W2074485737","https://openalex.org/W2078556562","https://openalex.org/W2083444235","https://openalex.org/W2086287426","https://openalex.org/W2087599743","https://openalex.org/W2088645368","https://openalex.org/W2088699610","https://openalex.org/W2091262675","https://openalex.org/W2091510035","https://openalex.org/W2092799425","https://openalex.org/W2095110311","https://openalex.org/W2095305341","https://openalex.org/W2104847841","https://openalex.org/W2107932713","https://openalex.org/W2118250423","https://openalex.org/W2125446129","https://openalex.org/W2126276266","https://openalex.org/W2133624371","https://openalex.org/W2138447970","https://openalex.org/W2139188214","https://openalex.org/W2139821387","https://openalex.org/W2140763734","https://openalex.org/W2148975092","https://openalex.org/W2158618961","https://openalex.org/W2159759190","https://openalex.org/W2164753763","https://openalex.org/W2167709977","https://openalex.org/W2167972597","https://openalex.org/W2468130099","https://openalex.org/W2511723907","https://openalex.org/W2998927832","https://openalex.org/W3004157836","https://openalex.org/W3202912068","https://openalex.org/W4248908185"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W154956386","https://openalex.org/W6996954267","https://openalex.org/W155180772","https://openalex.org/W2245303904","https://openalex.org/W170516283","https://openalex.org/W2090889465","https://openalex.org/W169631022","https://openalex.org/W7134070815","https://openalex.org/W2789325338","https://openalex.org/W637643136"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"thesis":[1,82],"describes":[2],"the":[3,34,43,49,64],"design":[4],"and":[5,38],"construction":[6],"of":[7,66],"a":[8,92],"femtosecond":[9],"X-ray":[10,52,57,76],"source":[11,53],"based":[12,86],"on":[13,87],"high":[14],"harmonic":[15],"generation":[16],"in":[17,33,48],"an":[18,73],"argon":[19],"filled":[20],"hollow":[21],"capillary":[22,89],"waveguide.":[23,50],"The":[24,51],"system":[25],"has":[26],"demonstrated":[27],"excellent":[28],"efficiency":[29],"at":[30],"generating":[31],"harmonics":[32],"range":[35],"20-50":[36],"eV":[37],"is":[39,54],"tuneable":[40],"by":[41],"exploiting":[42],"ionization-induced":[44],"blue-shift":[45],"that":[46,94],"occurs":[47],"designed":[55],"for":[56],"scattering":[58],"experiments,":[59],"which":[60],"will":[61,71],"ultimately":[62],"allow":[63],"imaging":[65],"single":[67],"biomolecules.":[68],"Such":[69],"experiments":[70],"require":[72],"intense,":[74],"focused":[75],"beam.":[77],"Towards":[78],"this":[79,81],"aim,":[80],"demonstrates":[83],"focusing":[84],"techniques":[85],"tapered":[88],"optics,":[90],"including":[91],"model":[93],"was":[95],"developed":[96],"to":[97],"understand":[98],"their":[99],"behaviour.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
