{"id":"https://openalex.org/W138282219","doi":null,"title":"Preparation and characterization of proton exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cells","display_name":"Preparation and characterization of proton exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cells","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W138282219","mag":"138282219"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:tdr_________::5a510af89a4ab400bcafb565046c7583","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.tdx.cat/TDX-0307106-133419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8525","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101976278","display_name":"Xiao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4945-1457","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4945-1457"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhang Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4945-1457","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101976278"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10311","display_name":"Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12074","display_name":"Membrane-based Ion Separation Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1506","display_name":"Filtration and Separation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-methanol-fuel-cells","display_name":"direct methanol fuel cells","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-exchange-membranes","display_name":"proton exchange membranes","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lignosulfonate","display_name":"lignosulfonate","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methanol-permeability","display_name":"methanol permeability","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-swelling","display_name":"membrane swelling","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-electrode-assembly","display_name":"membrane electrode assembly","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porous-membranes","display_name":"porous membranes","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyacrylonitrile","display_name":"polyacrylonitrile","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyethylene-glycol","display_name":"polyethylene glycol","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nafion","display_name":"Nafion","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-conductivity","display_name":"proton conductivity","score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ion-exchange-capacity","display_name":"ion exchange capacity","score":0.6669999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132319479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899619","display_name":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell","level":3,"score":0.5913181304931641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779607525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14982","display_name":"Methanol","level":2,"score":0.5524048209190369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.5331432223320007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5008101463317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987658370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180253","display_name":"Fuel cells","level":2,"score":0.49194976687431335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175365462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4206984","display_name":"Methanol fuel","level":3,"score":0.4882969856262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4862562417984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3167848587036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3073842525482178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.2505641579627991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17027804255485535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.10920032858848572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.098915696144104}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:tdr_________::5a510af89a4ab400bcafb565046c7583","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.tdx.cat/TDX-0307106-133419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.tdx.cat:10803/8525","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.tdx.cat/TDX-0307106-133419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401111","display_name":"Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210090028","host_organization_name":"Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090028"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:repositoriin::0a1d6597f0947debe3709b37472ad17b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/TDX307","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8525","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:urv.cat:TDX:307","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/TDX307","pdf_url":"https://www.tdx.cat/bitstream/10803/8525/2/ThesisXiaoZhang1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055111","display_name":"Rovira & Virgili repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"T.335-2006","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"mag:138282219","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/tesis?codigo=8209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306531624","display_name":"TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:repositoriin::0a1d6597f0947debe3709b37472ad17b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11797/TDX307","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8525","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9853000044822693}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320875","display_name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","ror":"https://ror.org/039djdh30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324497","display_name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili","ror":"https://ror.org/00g5sqv46"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W138282219.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W138282219.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964885258","https://openalex.org/W1982089328","https://openalex.org/W1983345431","https://openalex.org/W1990903611","https://openalex.org/W1996197213","https://openalex.org/W2001111676","https://openalex.org/W2005628790","https://openalex.org/W2012167652","https://openalex.org/W2014124287","https://openalex.org/W2020820416","https://openalex.org/W2021045070","https://openalex.org/W2037819114","https://openalex.org/W2045919680","https://openalex.org/W2047537737","https://openalex.org/W2065493604","https://openalex.org/W2070004414","https://openalex.org/W2085114342","https://openalex.org/W2104193672","https://openalex.org/W2109868913","https://openalex.org/W2123173462","https://openalex.org/W2147519671"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386930312","https://openalex.org/W7214229548","https://openalex.org/W2361333175","https://openalex.org/W2290036940","https://openalex.org/W3047679772","https://openalex.org/W1764837314","https://openalex.org/W3162262398","https://openalex.org/W3209481738","https://openalex.org/W6987154207","https://openalex.org/W2599960224"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Debido":[0],"a":[1,7,121,338],"la":[2,21,24,35,70,131,142,165,168,202,304,339,639,646],"crisis":[3],"de":[4,10,14,23,30,44,46,51,58,62,65,69,72,80,82,94,102,113,124,130,136,138,148,151,167,175,179,181,189,198,204,214,221,224,230,234,241,262,271,276,282,293,295,303,306,322,328,652],"petr\u00f3leo":[5],"y":[6,77,150,159,209,259,325,350,645],"los":[8,205],"problemas":[9],"emisi\u00f3n,":[11],"las":[12,56,78,92,222],"pilas":[13],"combustible":[15,45,73],"adquieren":[16],"un":[17,291,301],"lugar":[18],"importante":[19],"en":[20,39,144,164,216,266,317,347,354],"aplicaci\u00f3n":[22,143],"energ\u00eda":[25,36,40],"alternativa.":[26],"Son":[27],"una":[28,122,267,320,333],"clase":[29],"dispositivo":[31],"electroqu\u00edmico":[32],"que":[33,119,251,288,311,331],"convierte":[34],"qu\u00edmica":[37],"directamente":[38],"el\u00e9ctrica.":[41],"Las":[42,218,228,274],"celdas":[43],"metanol":[47,114,190,272],"(DMFC)":[48],"usan":[49],"membranas":[50,57,79,93,135,196,223,229,275,312],"pol\u00edmero":[52,59],"como":[53,172],"el":[54,88,187,212,279,650],"electrolito;":[55],"son":[60,278],"capaces":[61],"transportar":[63],"protones":[64],"hidr\u00f3geno.":[66],"El":[67,127,177],"sistema":[68],"celda":[71,125,263,268],"todav\u00eda":[74],"es":[75,133,183,290,332],"costoso":[76],"intercambio":[81,137,242,294],"prot\u00f3n":[83,139,182,235,296,323],"han":[84,344,351],"contribuido":[85],"significativamente":[86],"para":[87,141,170],"costo":[89],"elevado.":[90],"Actualmente,":[91],"\u00e1cido":[95,157],"perfluorosulfonico":[96],"(PFSA)":[97],"(por":[98],"ejemplo,":[99],"Nafion":[100],"\u00ae,":[101],"DuPont)":[103],"ten":[104],"sido":[105,345,352],"investigadas":[106],"extensamente.":[107],"Sin":[108],"embargo":[109],"mostraron":[110,186],"alto":[111,116],"paso":[112],"e":[115],"'swelling'":[117],"lo":[118,330],"lleva":[120],"eficiencia":[123],"baja.":[126],"objetivo":[128],"principal":[129,281],"tesis":[132,637],"preparar":[134],"nuevas":[140],"DMFC.":[145],"Membranas":[146],"compuestas":[147],"PEG":[149],"PA":[152,169],"fueron":[153,162,226,257,264],"preparadas.":[154],"Derivados":[155],"del":[156,641],"fosf\u00f3rico":[158],"lignosulfonados":[160],"(LS)":[161],"incluidos":[163],"estructura":[166],"actuar":[171],"agentes":[173],"transportadores":[174],"protones.":[176],"mecanismo":[178],"conductividad":[180],"'hopping'.":[184],"Ellos":[185],"transporte":[188],"m\u00e1s":[191,249],"bajo.":[192],"Se":[193],"obtuvieron":[194],"tambi\u00e9n":[195],"h\u00edbridas":[197],"LS,":[199],"preparadas":[200,258],"mediante":[201],"mezcla":[203],"dos":[206],"pol\u00edmeros,":[207],"LS":[208,225,231,277,289],"PSU,":[210],"siguiendo":[211],"m\u00e9todo":[213],"precipitaci\u00f3n":[215],"inmersi\u00f3n.":[217],"propiedades":[219],"electroqu\u00edmicas":[220],"determinadas.":[227],"alcanzaron":[232],"conductividades":[233],"aceptables":[236],"(10-20":[237],"mS/cm)":[238],"con":[239,319],"capacidad":[240],"i\u00f3nico":[243],"muy":[244,297],"baja":[245,250,326],"(IEC)":[246],"(60":[247],"veces":[248],"Nafion).":[252],"'Membrane":[253],"electrode":[254],"assemblies'":[255],"(MEAs)":[256],"sus":[260],"rendimientos":[261],"medidos":[265],"individual":[269],"directa":[270],"(DMFC).":[273],"punto":[280],"esta":[283,648],"tesis.":[284],"Primero":[285],"se":[286,309],"demostr\u00f3":[287],"material":[292],"bueno":[298],"aunque":[299],"sea":[300],"residuo":[302],"industria":[305],"papel.":[307],"Tambi\u00e9n":[308],"prob\u00f3":[310],"porosas":[313],"pueden":[314],"ser":[315],"usadas":[316],"DMFC":[318,525],"conductancia":[321],"aceptable":[324],"permeabilidad":[327],"metanol,":[329],"manera":[334],"totalmente":[335],"nueva":[336],"comparada":[337],"literatura":[340],"existente.":[341],"Los":[342],"resultados":[343],"divulgados":[346],"revistas":[348],"internacionales":[349],"presentados":[353],"conferencias":[355],"internacionales:":[356],"1.":[357],"X.":[358,380,400,432,462,491,515,537,568,597],"Zhang,":[359,381,401,433,463,492,516,538,569,598],"A.":[360,601],"Gl\u00fcsen,":[361],"R.":[362,384,407,434,464,496,517,539,570,599],"Garcia-Valls,":[363,465,497,518,540,571,600],"Porous":[364],"Lignosulfonate":[365,541],"membrane":[366,468],"for":[367,389,472,500,521,557,576,616,629],"direct":[368,473],"methanol":[369,474],"fuel":[370,475],"cells,":[371],"accepted":[372],"by":[373,448],"Journal":[374,392,422,452],"of":[375,393,414,423,438,453,613],"Membrane":[376,483,546,575],"Science,":[377,457],"2005":[378],"2.":[379],"J.":[382,430,493,606],"Benavente,":[383,431,607],"Garcia":[385,408,435],"Valls,":[386,409,436],"Lignin-based":[387,498],"Membranes":[388,440,615,626],"Electrolyte":[390],"Transference,":[391],"Power":[394,424],"Sources,":[395,425],"145":[396,426],"(2005)":[397,427,459],"292":[398],"3.":[399],"L.":[402],"Pitol":[403],"Filho,":[404],"C.":[405],"Torras,":[406],"Experimental":[410],"and":[411,416,444,455,485,495,552,560,605,609,627],"Computational":[412],"Study":[413],"Proton":[415,466,522,544,572,624],"Methanol":[417,578],"Permeability":[418],"through":[419],"Composite":[420,574],"Membranes,":[421],"223":[428],"4.":[429],"Modification":[437],"Polysulfone":[439],"with":[441],"Polyethylene":[442],"Glycol":[443],"Lignosulfate:":[445],"Electrical":[446,608],"Characterization":[447,612],"Impedance":[449],"Spectroscopy":[450],"Measurements,":[451],"Colloid":[454],"Interface":[456],"285":[458],"273-280":[460],"5.":[461],"transport":[467],"containing":[469],"lignin":[470],"compound":[471],"cells":[476],"(Poster),":[477,526],"5th":[478,583],"Ibero":[479],"American":[480],"Congress":[481],"on":[482,555,622],"Science":[484,507],"Technology,":[486,509],"2005,":[487,633],"Valencia-":[488],"Spain":[489,595],"6.":[490],"Benavente":[494],"membranes":[499,520],"electrolyte":[501],"transference":[502],"(Oral":[503,547,581],"presentation),":[504,548,582],"Fuel":[505,579,617],"Cell":[506,580],"&":[508],"Oct.":[510,588,632],"2004,":[511,529,564],"Munich-":[512],"Germany.":[513],"7.":[514],"New":[519],"Transport":[523,545],"in":[524,543],"Euromembrane":[527],"Sep.":[528],"ISBN:":[530,590],"3-930400-65-0,":[531],"p.":[532,592],"64,":[533],"Hamburg-":[534],"Germany,":[535],"8.":[536],"Application":[542],"2nd":[549],"World":[550],"Conference":[551,621],"Technology":[553],"Exhibition":[554],"Biomass":[556],"Energy,":[558],"Industry":[559],"Climate":[561],"Protection,":[562],"May.":[563],"Rome-":[565],"Italy":[566,635],"9.":[567],"Selective":[573],"Direct":[577],"NYM":[584],"(Network":[585],"Young":[586],"Membrains)":[587],"2003,":[589],"84-688-3132-8,":[591],"199,":[593],"Barcelona,":[594],"10.":[596],"Jim\u00e9nez-L\u00f3pez,":[602],"E.":[603],"Rodr\u00edguez-Castell\u00f3n":[604],"Chemical":[610],"Surface":[611],"Lignosulfate/Polysulfone":[614],"Cells":[618],"Application,":[619],"International":[620],"'New":[623],"Conducting":[625],"Electrodes":[628],"PEM":[630],"FCs',":[631],"Assisi,":[634],"La":[636],"tuvo":[638],"cooperaci\u00f3n":[640],"Forschungszentrum":[642],"J\u00fclich,":[643],"Alemania":[644],"doctoranda":[647],"solicitando":[649],"titulo":[651],"Doctorado":[653],"Europeo.":[654]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
