{"id":"https://openalex.org/W13726257","doi":null,"title":"Interactions of the pineal hormone melatonin with oxygen-centered free radicals: a brief review.","display_name":"Interactions of the pineal hormone melatonin with oxygen-centered free radicals: a brief review.","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W13726257","mag":"13726257","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8136717"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:8136717","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8136717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108228367","display_name":"R. J. Reiter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165951966","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02f6dcw23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165951966","https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R J Reiter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7762"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7762","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165951966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108228367"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165951966"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9843,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85076984,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"11","first_page":"1141","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10342","display_name":"Circadian rhythm and melatonin","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10342","display_name":"Circadian rhythm and melatonin","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10445","display_name":"Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13013","display_name":"Free Radicals and Antioxidants","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melatonin","display_name":"melatonin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydroxyl-radical-scavenging","display_name":"hydroxyl radical scavenging","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-dna-damage","display_name":"oxidative DNA damage","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutathione-peroxidase","display_name":"glutathione peroxidase","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-peroxide-metabolism","display_name":"hydrogen peroxide metabolism","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pineal-gland","display_name":"pineal gland","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melatonin-receptors","display_name":"melatonin receptors","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circadian-rhythm","display_name":"circadian rhythm","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-defense","display_name":"antioxidant defense","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipophilicity","display_name":"lipophilicity","score":0.6359999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778182776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180912","display_name":"Melatonin","level":2,"score":0.9853459596633911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780059843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198654","display_name":"Pineal gland","level":3,"score":0.8564064502716064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992339995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Free radical scavenger","level":3,"score":0.8320895433425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202023056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241787","display_name":"Pinealocyte","level":4,"score":0.820496141910553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5697076916694641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41443022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27796666","display_name":"Scavenger receptor","level":4,"score":0.5353071689605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.5280752182006836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.5210534930229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.5149343609809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5096523761749268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781269140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24784310","display_name":"Melatonin receptor","level":3,"score":0.43967241048812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.40258753299713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.3749728500843048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.23539340496063232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.1947585940361023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13424545526504517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780072125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28350","display_name":"Lipoprotein","level":3,"score":0.11980146169662476}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002940","descriptor_name":"Circadian Rhythm","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004249","descriptor_name":"DNA Damage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005609","descriptor_name":"Free Radicals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005979","descriptor_name":"Glutathione Peroxidase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008550","descriptor_name":"Melatonin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008550","descriptor_name":"Melatonin","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016166","descriptor_name":"Free Radical Scavengers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017665","descriptor_name":"Hydroxyl Radical","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:8136717","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8136717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:13726257","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8136717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020709143","https://openalex.org/W2092213743","https://openalex.org/W2039292117","https://openalex.org/W2130561448","https://openalex.org/W2466834678","https://openalex.org/W2051141139","https://openalex.org/W1971060562","https://openalex.org/W4247713757","https://openalex.org/W22187974","https://openalex.org/W2056882404"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Melatonin,N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine,":[0],"is":[1,11,26,33,45,84,184,225,244],"a":[2,185,226,274],"hormonal":[3],"product":[4],"of":[5,43,63,76,82,92,143,159,200,233,269,311],"the":[6,17,29,37,61,64,67,72,77,99,112,124,141,153,174,194,264,286,296,309,312,328,344,357,362],"pineal":[7,30],"gland.":[8],"Its":[9],"synthesis":[10,79],"higher":[12],"at":[13,88,322],"night":[14],"than":[15],"during":[16],"day":[18],"in":[19,28,111,123,137,197,211,285,343],"all":[20,109,257],"vertebrates":[21],"including":[22],"man.":[23],"Once":[24],"melatonin":[25,44,83,97,144,183,224,270,301,320,351],"produced":[27],"gland":[31],"it":[32,56,116,254,281,334],"quickly":[34],"released":[35],"into":[36,103],"vascular":[38],"system.":[39],"The":[40,74],"rapid":[41],"release":[42],"generally":[46,118],"believed":[47,150],"to":[48,50,57,151,209,214,255,292,317,326,339,360],"relate":[49],"its":[51,93,128,201,247],"high":[52,85,203,242],"lipophilicity":[53],"which":[54,70,307],"allows":[55,253],"readily":[58,101],"pass":[59],"through":[60],"membrane":[62,177],"pinealocytes":[65],"and":[66,80,108,155,193,216,230,259],"endothelial":[68],"cells":[69,110,135,258],"line":[71],"capillaries.":[73],"result":[75],"nocturnal":[78],"secretion":[81],"blood":[86,100],"levels":[87],"night.":[89],"Also":[90],"because":[91,199,250],"highly":[94,297],"lipophilic":[95],"nature,":[96],"from":[98,237,330,364],"escapes":[102],"every":[104,260],"other":[105],"bodily":[106],"fluid":[107],"body.":[113],"Until":[114],"recently":[115,163],"was":[117,162],"thought":[119],"that":[120,166,182,280],"melatonin's":[121,167],"action":[122,169,249],"organism":[125,363],"depended":[126],"on":[127,134,173],"exclusive":[129],"interaction":[130],"with":[131,145],"specific":[132],"receptors":[133,148],"located":[136],"discrete":[138],"locations.":[139],"Certainly,":[140],"interactions":[142],"these":[146],"membrane-bound":[147],"are":[149,349],"mediate":[152],"endocrine":[154],"circadian":[156],"rhythm":[157],"effects":[158],"melatonin.":[160],"It":[161],"discovered,":[164],"however,":[165],"primary":[168],"may":[170,282,355],"not":[171,272],"depend":[172],"previously":[175],"described":[176],"receptors.":[178],"We":[179],"have":[180,278],"found":[181],"very":[186,202],"potent":[187],"hydroxyl":[188,195,299,313,347],"radical":[189,196,222,266],"scavenger;":[190],"free":[191,221,265],"radicals":[192,348],"particular,":[198],"reactivity,":[204],"can":[205],"be":[206,283,356],"extremely":[207,241],"damaging":[208],"macromolecules":[210],"cells.":[212],"Compared":[213],"glutathione":[215,304],"mannitol,":[217],"two":[218,324],"well":[219],"known":[220],"scavengers,":[223],"more":[227],"powerful":[228],"scavenger":[229],"affords":[231],"protection":[232,291],"molecules,":[234],"especially":[235],"DNA,":[236],"oxidative":[238,331,365],"damage.":[239,366],"Melatonin's":[240],"diffusibility":[243],"important":[245],"for":[246],"scavenging":[248,295],"this":[251],"feature":[252],"enter":[256],"subcellular":[261],"compartment.":[262],"Whereas":[263],"quenching":[267],"activity":[268,306],"does":[271],"require":[273],"receptor,":[275],"we":[276],"also":[277,302],"evidence":[279],"bound":[284],"nucleus":[287],"thereby":[288],"providing":[289],"on-site":[290],"DNA.":[293],"Besides":[294],"toxic":[298],"radical,":[300,314],"stimulates":[303],"peroxidase":[305],"metabolizes":[308],"precursor":[310],"hydrogen":[315,337],"peroxide,":[316],"water.":[318],"Thus,":[319],"has":[321],"least":[323],"means":[325],"protect":[327,361],"cell":[329],"damage,":[332],"i.e.,":[333],"breaks":[335],"down":[336],"peroxide":[338],"harmless":[340],"water":[341],"and,":[342],"event":[345],"any":[346],"formed,":[350],"scavenges":[352],"them.":[353],"Melatonin":[354],"premier":[358],"molecule":[359]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}