{"id":"https://openalex.org/W13683050","doi":null,"title":"The intersection of race, gender, and primary care: results from the Women Physicians' Health Study.","display_name":"The intersection of race, gender, and primary care: results from the Women Physicians' Health Study.","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W13683050","mag":"13683050","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11105727","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2608549"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2608549","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2608549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2608549","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020974600","display_name":"Giselle M. Corbie-Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0737-6775","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0737-6775"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Corbie-Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081014041","display_name":"Erica Frank","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7159-5417","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7159-5417"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Frank","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088714430","display_name":"Herbert W. Nickens","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H Nickens","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8529,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7772962,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"92","issue":"10","first_page":"472","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11990","display_name":"Global Health Workforce Issues","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3604","display_name":"Emergency Medical Services"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/career-satisfaction","display_name":"career satisfaction","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-control","display_name":"job control","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-disparities","display_name":"racial and ethnic disparities","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-physicians","display_name":"Black physicians","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hispanic-physicians","display_name":"Hispanic physicians","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-workforce-diversity","display_name":"physician workforce diversity","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mammography","display_name":"mammography","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-breast-examination","display_name":"clinical breast examination","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pap-smear-screening","display_name":"Pap smear screening","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underserved-populations","display_name":"underserved populations","score":0.6600000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7942233085632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.6943939328193665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.603029727935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.5968618392944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984752397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3259956","display_name":"Primary care","level":2,"score":0.5135076642036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910870146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8031527","display_name":"Women Physicians","level":2,"score":0.5010843276977539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.48585888743400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.45574072003364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4490094482898712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28401147","display_name":"Black women","level":2,"score":0.4303056299686432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4234338104724884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3811259865760803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.13772249221801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000078329","descriptor_name":"Workforce","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001291","descriptor_name":"Attitude of Health Personnel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002321","descriptor_name":"Career Choice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007588","descriptor_name":"Job Satisfaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010822","descriptor_name":"Physicians, Women","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010822","descriptor_name":"Physicians, Women","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011320","descriptor_name":"Primary Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011365","descriptor_name":"Professional Practice Location","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015438","descriptor_name":"Health Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016009","descriptor_name":"Chi-Square Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2608549","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2608549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:11105727","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11105727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"mag:13683050","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11105727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2608549","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2608549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.8974000215530396,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.6025999784469604,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W93524155","https://openalex.org/W116930093","https://openalex.org/W162010795","https://openalex.org/W172322259","https://openalex.org/W1494496737","https://openalex.org/W1509454890","https://openalex.org/W1964056625","https://openalex.org/W1971429364","https://openalex.org/W1986385644","https://openalex.org/W1988723609","https://openalex.org/W1992553493","https://openalex.org/W1995463634","https://openalex.org/W1995907160","https://openalex.org/W2006493448","https://openalex.org/W2009168884","https://openalex.org/W2016723375","https://openalex.org/W2025431661","https://openalex.org/W2043352057","https://openalex.org/W2087176047","https://openalex.org/W2089638003","https://openalex.org/W2093636366","https://openalex.org/W2094718253","https://openalex.org/W2105849962","https://openalex.org/W2140025389","https://openalex.org/W2150627859","https://openalex.org/W2315412491","https://openalex.org/W2317610227","https://openalex.org/W2335861233","https://openalex.org/W2395146124"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W162010795","https://openalex.org/W1968214367","https://openalex.org/W2093602774","https://openalex.org/W2113823129","https://openalex.org/W2120053982","https://openalex.org/W2018476427","https://openalex.org/W2788160124","https://openalex.org/W2208411323","https://openalex.org/W51542499","https://openalex.org/W2027099022"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Women":[1],"Physicians'":[2],"Health":[3],"Study":[4],"is":[5],"a":[6,13],"nationally":[7],"distributed":[8],"mailed":[9],"questionnaire":[10],"survey":[11],"of":[12,16,31,45,52,94,149,171,239],"random":[14],"sample":[15],"4501":[17],"female":[18],"physicians.":[19],"We":[20],"examined":[21,169],"differences":[22,182],"in":[23,108,185,205,211,226],"the":[24,43,168,172,206,212],"professional":[25],"characteristics":[26],"and":[27,55,70,78,89,100,112,152,192,203,233],"personal":[28],"health":[29],"habits":[30],"minority":[32],"women":[33,38,59,216],"physicians":[34,60,102,119,141,164,217],"compared":[35],"to":[36,42,83,106,123,145,156,199,221],"other":[37],"physicians,":[39],"with":[40,67,159,167,187],"regard":[41],"choice":[44],"primary":[46,85,223],"care":[47,86,224],"specialties,":[48],"type":[49],"or":[50,74],"location":[51],"practice":[53,107],"site,":[54],"career":[56,240],"satisfaction.":[57],"Most":[58],"were":[61,80,103,120,142,153,165],"self-described":[62],"as":[63],"non-Hispanic":[64],"white":[65],"(77.4%),":[66],"13%":[68],"Asians,":[69],"few":[71],"blacks":[72,202],"(4.3%)":[73],"Hispanics":[75,79,204],"(5.2%).":[76],"Blacks":[77],"more":[81,219],"likely":[82,105,122,144,155,220],"choose":[84],"specialties":[87],"(61.6%":[88],"57.9%,":[90],"respectively,":[91,114],"vs.":[92],"49.3%":[93],"whites,":[95],"p":[96,115],"<":[97,116],"0.05).":[98],"Black":[99,140],"Hispanic":[101],"most":[104,121,163],"urban":[109],"areas":[110],"(71.8%":[111],"72.2%,":[113],"0.001).":[117],"Minority":[118,215],"report":[124,146,236],"spending":[125],"some":[126],"time":[127],"each":[128],"week":[129],"on":[130],"clinical":[131,188],"work":[132,150],"for":[133],"which":[134],"they":[135],"did":[136,179],"not":[137],"expect":[138],"compensation.":[139],"least":[143,154],"high":[147],"levels":[148],"control":[151],"be":[157,200],"satisfied":[158],"their":[160],"careers.":[161],"While":[162],"compliant":[166],"recommendations":[170],"U.S.":[173,207],"Preventive":[174],"Services":[175],"Task":[176],"Force,":[177],"we":[178],"find":[180],"significant":[181],"by":[183],"ethnicity":[184],"compliance":[186],"breast":[189],"exams,":[190],"mammograms,":[191],"pap":[193],"smears.":[194],"In":[195],"conclusion,":[196],"there":[197],"continues":[198],"fewer":[201],"physician":[208],"workforce":[209],"than":[210],"general":[213],"population.":[214],"are":[218],"provide":[222],"services":[225],"communities":[227],"that":[228],"have":[229],"been":[230],"traditionally":[231],"underserved":[232],"may":[234],"also":[235],"higher":[237],"rates":[238],"dissatisfaction.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
