{"id":"https://openalex.org/W13657859","doi":null,"title":"The ubiquitin proteasome pathway in healthy, active adults: The effects of energy balance, endurance exercise, dietary leucine intake and intravenous leucine infusion on skeletal muscle protein breakdown","display_name":"The ubiquitin proteasome pathway in healthy, active adults: The effects of energy balance, endurance exercise, dietary leucine intake and intravenous leucine infusion on skeletal muscle protein breakdown","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W13657859","mag":"13657859"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.lib.uconn.edu:dissertations-5529","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.lib.uconn.edu/dissertations/AAI3367344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401180","display_name":"OpenCommons at University of Connecticut (University of Connecticut)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","host_organization_name":"University of Connecticut","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047636679","display_name":"John W. Carbone","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John W. Carbone","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047636679"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11399","display_name":"Muscle metabolism and nutrition","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11399","display_name":"Muscle metabolism and nutrition","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10441","display_name":"Muscle Physiology and Disorders","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11041","display_name":"Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ubiquitin-proteasome-system","display_name":"ubiquitin-proteasome system","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caloric-restriction","display_name":"caloric restriction","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-calorie-diet","display_name":"hypocaloric diet","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endurance-exercise","display_name":"endurance exercise","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-leucine","display_name":"dietary leucine","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chymotrypsin-like-activity","display_name":"chymotrypsin-like activity","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/26s-proteasome","display_name":"26S proteasome","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atrogin-1","display_name":"atrogin-1","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caspase-3","display_name":"caspase-3","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-synthesis","display_name":"protein synthesis","score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-turnover","display_name":"protein turnover","score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-protein-synthesis","display_name":"muscle protein synthesis","score":0.33500000834465027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776580952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483745","display_name":"Leucine","level":3,"score":0.842688798904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779959927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048687","display_name":"Skeletal muscle","level":2,"score":0.6682509183883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197683979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14876077","display_name":"Protein catabolism","level":3,"score":0.6512506604194641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.49329274892807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.44229209423065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.43701738119125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.43570244312286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019971869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048687","display_name":"Muscle protein","level":3,"score":0.4348887503147125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96942376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21130714","display_name":"Catabolism","level":3,"score":0.4328901171684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195580219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7251511","display_name":"Protein turnover","level":3,"score":0.43266889452934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.41833603382110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.34217044711112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3675279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211935","display_name":"Protein biosynthesis","level":2,"score":0.3177911043167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.2383151650428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62231903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057","display_name":"Metabolism","level":2,"score":0.19221648573875427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.17636579275131226}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.lib.uconn.edu:dissertations-5529","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.lib.uconn.edu/dissertations/AAI3367344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401180","display_name":"OpenCommons at University of Connecticut (University of Connecticut)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","host_organization_name":"University of Connecticut","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opencommons.uconn.edu:dissertations-5529","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertations/AAI3367344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196438","display_name":"OpenCommons - UConn (University of Connecticut)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","host_organization_name":"University of Connecticut","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:13657859","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://digitalcommons.uconn.edu/dissertations/AAI3367344","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2142038460","https://openalex.org/W1977085472","https://openalex.org/W2357537033","https://openalex.org/W2292052562","https://openalex.org/W1569573362","https://openalex.org/W1973883131","https://openalex.org/W1557877619","https://openalex.org/W2102589258","https://openalex.org/W1880398352","https://openalex.org/W34143213"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,17],"ubiquitin":[1,245],"proteasome":[2,241,325,405],"pathway":[3,9],"(UPP)":[4],"represents":[5],"the":[6,44,189,221,227,240,369,451],"major":[7],"intracellular":[8],"by":[10,95],"which":[11],"skeletal":[12,218],"muscle":[13,128,219,419,443,463],"proteins":[14,420],"are":[15,317],"degraded.":[16],"effects":[18,190],"of":[19,46,67,135,146,159,191,217,226,239,254,356,414,431,442,453,460],"dietary":[20,61,182],"manipulations,":[21],"exercise":[22,137,341],"and":[23,30,50,64,127,207,248,252,265,273,291,299,309,323,351,354,360,394,398],"leucine":[24,62,69,114,194,455],"infusion":[25,66,456],"on":[26,143,156,368],"UPP":[27,47],"component":[28,48],"expression":[29,49,355,397,413],"activity,":[31],"however,":[32],"have":[33],"not":[34,377],"been":[35],"characterized":[36],"in":[37,52,60,84,113,170,295,304,319,330,345,403,421],"humans.":[38],"^":[39,71,162,198,275,336,383,407,467],"Purpose.":[40],"These":[41,409],"studies":[42],"describe":[43],"modulation":[45],"activity":[51,225,253,430],"response":[53,280,331,422],"to":[54,106,187,211,281,332,338,389,423],"energy":[55,101,283,334,424,436,448],"restriction,":[56,284,425],"endurance":[57,340],"exercise,":[58],"alterations":[59],"intake":[63,118,364],"intravenous":[65,193,454],"a":[68,85,96,151,171,185,235,400,458],"solution.":[70],"Methods.":[72],"Study":[73,163,277,384],"1-":[74,278],"Sixteen":[75],"(11":[76],"men,":[77],"5":[78],"women)":[79],"healthy,":[80,166],"active":[81,167],"adults":[82],"participated":[83,169],"two-phase,":[86],"20d":[87],"diet":[88,99,148,373],"intervention":[89],"incorporating":[90],"10d":[91,97,282],"eucaloric":[92],"feeding":[93,174],"followed":[94],"hypocaloric":[98],"(\u223c80%":[100],"needs).":[102],"Participants":[103],"were":[104,209,256,267],"randomized":[105],"receive":[107],"foods":[108],"either":[109,177],"High":[110,370],"or":[111,179],"Low":[112,372],"content":[115],"with":[116,150,302],"protein":[117,444],"set":[119],"at":[120],"1.5":[121],"g\u00b7kg\u22121":[122],"\u00b7d\u22121.":[123],"Subjects":[124],"underwent":[125],"blood":[126],"biopsy":[129],"sampling":[130],"following":[131,447],"an":[132,192],"acute":[133],"bout":[134],"aerobic":[136],"(45min":[138],"run":[139],"@":[140],"65%":[141],"VO2peak)":[142],"day":[144,157],"7":[145],"each":[147,160],"phase,":[149],"control":[152],"Rest":[153],"protocol":[154],"completed":[155],"10":[158],"phase.":[161],"2-":[164,385],"Four":[165],"men":[168],"7d":[172],"controlled":[173],"study,":[175],"providing":[176],"1.0":[178],"2.0g\u00b7kg":[180],"\u22121\u00b7d\u22121":[181],"protein,":[183],"utilizing":[184],"crossover-design":[186],"evaluate":[188],"infusion,":[195,387],"versus":[196,371],"saline.":[197],"In":[199,279],"both":[200],"studies,":[201],"stable":[202],"isotope":[203],"infusions":[204],"(Ring-2H":[205],"5-Phe":[206],"15N-Phe)":[208],"used":[210],"measure":[212],"fractional":[213],"breakdown":[214,445],"rate":[215],"(FBR)":[216],"via":[220,258],"tracee-release":[222],"method.":[223],"Chymotrypsin-like":[224],"26S":[228,324,404],"proteasome's":[229],"\u03b25":[230],"subunits":[231],"was":[232,365],"assessed":[233],"using":[234,269],"fluorescence-based":[236],"assay.":[237],"Expression":[238],"subunit":[242],"PSMA2,":[243],"E3":[244],"ligase":[246],"MAFbx":[247,395],"cysteine":[249],"protease":[250],"(Pro)Caspase-3":[251],"Caspase-3":[255,321,361],"evaluated":[257,318],"standard":[259],"Western":[260],"blotting":[261],"techniques.":[262],"Plasma":[263],"hormones":[264],"substrates":[266],"measured":[268],"HPLC,":[270],"colorimetric":[271],"assays":[272],"ELISAs.":[274],"Results.":[276],"subjects":[285],"lost":[286],"1kg":[287],"body":[288],"weight":[289],"(p<0.001)":[290,298,353],"experienced":[292],"significant":[293,343],"decreases":[294],"plasma":[296,305,346],"glucose":[297],"insulin":[300,349],"(p=0.007)":[301],"increases":[303,344],"lactate":[306,347],"(":[307,358],"p=0.047)":[308],"preliminary":[310],"FBR":[311],"measures":[312,441],"(p=0.005).":[313],"When":[314],"post-exercise":[315],"data":[316,410],"isolation,":[320],"(p=0.037)":[322],"(p=0.032)":[326],"activities":[327],"increased":[328,412,429,446],"significantly":[329],"negative":[333,435],"balance.":[335],"Relative":[337],"rest,":[339],"produced":[342,399],"(p<0.001),":[348],"(p=0.030)":[350],"cortisol":[352],"PSMA2":[357,392],"p=0.010)":[359],"(p=0.038).":[362],"Leucine":[363,386],"1.6g\u00b7d\u22121":[366],"greater":[367],"(p=0.036)":[374],"but":[375],"did":[376],"alter":[378],"any":[379],"primary":[380],"study":[381],"variables.":[382],"relative":[388],"saline,":[390],"decreased":[391],"(p=0.038)":[393],"(p=0.082)":[396],"nonsignificant":[401],"decrease":[402],"activity.":[406],"Conclusions.":[408],"show":[411],"enzymes":[415,433],"responsible":[416],"for":[417],"degrading":[418],"as":[426,428,457],"well":[427],"these":[432],"during":[434],"balance":[437],"post-exercise.":[438],"Accordingly,":[439],"kinetic":[440],"restriction.":[449],"Additionally,":[450],"use":[452],"means":[459],"mitigating":[461],"UPP-mediated":[462],"catabolism":[464],"shows":[465],"promise.":[466]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}