{"id":"https://openalex.org/W13579072","doi":null,"title":"An Economist's Guide to U","display_name":"An Economist's Guide to U","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W13579072","mag":"13579072"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:13579072","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.biblioteche.unical.it/didattica/economia/economist.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021513462","display_name":"Richard J. Gilbert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-7129","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-7129"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard J. Gilbert","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-7129","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021513462"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.5275,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.987751,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.03229999914765358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14362","display_name":"Diverse Legal and Medical Studies","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition-law","display_name":"competition law","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-effects","display_name":"network effects","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economies-of-scale","display_name":"economies of scale","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netscape-navigator","display_name":"Netscape Navigator","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java-programming-language","display_name":"Java programming","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entry-barriers","display_name":"barriers to entry","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-remedies","display_name":"structural remedies","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-harm","display_name":"consumer harm","score":0.5569999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781127519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43637","display_name":"Monopoly","level":2,"score":0.7233915328979492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127576917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624630","display_name":"Competitor analysis","level":2,"score":0.6889421343803406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5043667554855347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45686739683151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.43503010272979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.42493438720703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.39824965596199036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3583410084247589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.28383103013038635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.2544686198234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.240531325340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.09690865874290466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:13579072","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.biblioteche.unical.it/didattica/economia/economist.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47071057","https://openalex.org/W53962469","https://openalex.org/W82650720","https://openalex.org/W580305700","https://openalex.org/W1522307596","https://openalex.org/W1541185770","https://openalex.org/W1572037182","https://openalex.org/W1967218479","https://openalex.org/W1970486807","https://openalex.org/W2046116978","https://openalex.org/W2059094798","https://openalex.org/W2067949097","https://openalex.org/W2236364000","https://openalex.org/W2319504626","https://openalex.org/W2784458959","https://openalex.org/W3025491503","https://openalex.org/W3122440454","https://openalex.org/W3122626546","https://openalex.org/W3124427446","https://openalex.org/W3124839690","https://openalex.org/W3125042218","https://openalex.org/W3125171437"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101938688","https://openalex.org/W2108556043","https://openalex.org/W4322579494","https://openalex.org/W3141905949","https://openalex.org/W64649244","https://openalex.org/W4322587576","https://openalex.org/W3121583151","https://openalex.org/W7100338856","https://openalex.org/W7099164283","https://openalex.org/W1516805655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"analyze":[1],"the":[2,31,37,69,72],"central":[3],"economic":[4],"issues":[5],"raised":[6],"by":[7],"U.S.":[8],"v":[9],"Microsoft.":[10],"Network":[11],"effects":[12],"and":[13,36,57],"economies":[14],"of":[15,33,59,71,77],"scale":[16],"in":[17,80,93],"applications":[18],"programs":[19],"created":[20],"a":[21,86],"barrier":[22],"to":[23,48,52],"entry":[24],"for":[25],"new":[26],"operating":[27,54],"system":[28,55],"competitors,":[29],"which":[30],"combination":[32],"Netscape":[34],"Navigator":[35],"Java":[38],"programming":[39],"language":[40],"potentially":[41],"could":[42],"have":[43],"lowered.":[44],"Microsoft":[45,79],"took":[46],"actions":[47],"eliminate":[49],"this":[50,94],"threat":[51],"its":[53],"monopoly,":[56],"some":[58],"Microsoft\u2019s":[60],"conduct":[61,88],"very":[62],"likely":[63],"harmed":[64],"consumers.":[65],"While":[66],"we":[67,82],"recognize":[68],"risks":[70],"government\u2019s":[73],"proposed":[74],"structural":[75],"remedy":[76,89],"splitting":[78],"two,":[81],"are":[83],"pessimistic":[84],"that":[85],"limited":[87],"would":[90],"be":[91],"effective":[92],"case.":[95],"__________________________":[96],"This":[97],"paper":[98],"is":[99],"available":[100],"on-line":[101],"at":[102],"http://www.haas.berkeley.edu/groups/cpc/pubs/Publications.html":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
