{"id":"https://openalex.org/W13574290","doi":null,"title":"Do Size and Diversification Type Matter? an Examination of Post-Bankruptcy Outcomes","display_name":"Do Size and Diversification Type Matter? an Examination of Post-Bankruptcy Outcomes","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W13574290","mag":"13574290"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:13574290","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/40604443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764850994","display_name":"Journal of managerial issues","issn_l":"1045-3695","issn":["1045-3695"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316206","host_organization_name":"Pittsburg State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316206"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pittsburg State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of managerial issues","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110006012","display_name":"David Dawley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6549-3403","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6549-3403"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Dawley","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6549-3403","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079478762","display_name":"James J. Hoffman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9152-4122","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9152-4122"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James J. Hoffman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9152-4122","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021867327","display_name":"Erich N. Brockmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erich N. Brockman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4638,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9331821,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"413","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12509","display_name":"Corporate Insolvency and Governance","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12509","display_name":"Corporate Insolvency and Governance","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11653","display_name":"Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.007199999876320362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bankruptcy","display_name":"bankruptcy","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recovery-time","display_name":"recovery time","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-size","display_name":"organizational size","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-diversification","display_name":"product diversification","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/related-diversification","display_name":"related diversification","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unrelated-diversification","display_name":"unrelated diversification","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-survival","display_name":"business survival","score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slack-resources","display_name":"slack resources","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-distress","display_name":"financial distress","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-restructuring","display_name":"corporate restructuring","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-recovery","display_name":"performance recovery","score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-diversification","display_name":"geographic diversification","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internationalization","display_name":"internationalization","score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-agility","display_name":"organizational agility","score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-complexity","display_name":"organizational complexity","score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-adaptability","display_name":"organizational adaptability","score":0.3050000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504631918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152074","display_name":"Bankruptcy","level":2,"score":0.8692803978919983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180916674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3711935","display_name":"Diversification (marketing strategy)","level":2,"score":0.7129523158073425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.5264333486557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.43199998140335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3772616982460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3636912703514099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.2507776618003845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.25069451332092285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09040886163711548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07720160484313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:13574290","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/40604443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764850994","display_name":"Journal of managerial issues","issn_l":"1045-3695","issn":["1045-3695"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316206","host_organization_name":"Pittsburg State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316206"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pittsburg State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of managerial issues","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16565631","https://openalex.org/W1504180735","https://openalex.org/W1650431508","https://openalex.org/W1984335196","https://openalex.org/W1984516631","https://openalex.org/W1984940595","https://openalex.org/W1990866741","https://openalex.org/W2002289051","https://openalex.org/W2007893250","https://openalex.org/W2010941827","https://openalex.org/W2015849749","https://openalex.org/W2025190531","https://openalex.org/W2030357616","https://openalex.org/W2034908742","https://openalex.org/W2040198418","https://openalex.org/W2041478611","https://openalex.org/W2043593255","https://openalex.org/W2055810709","https://openalex.org/W2060659527","https://openalex.org/W2094652171","https://openalex.org/W2105638190","https://openalex.org/W2115387818","https://openalex.org/W2122311065","https://openalex.org/W2123892605","https://openalex.org/W2145692369","https://openalex.org/W2159401492","https://openalex.org/W2321558017","https://openalex.org/W2335126140","https://openalex.org/W2600947691","https://openalex.org/W3125349408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057359661","https://openalex.org/W2487921181","https://openalex.org/W1569644973","https://openalex.org/W2034005475","https://openalex.org/W3122380717","https://openalex.org/W7146977232","https://openalex.org/W4242026058","https://openalex.org/W72737154","https://openalex.org/W2070577417","https://openalex.org/W2092715484"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,171],"her":[1],"sample":[2],"of":[3,17,34,55,70,77,101,127,152,160,175,194,207,220,224,239,274,282,309,329,393,396,425,439,491,536,549,561,564],"806":[4],"firms,":[5],"Hotchkiss":[6,27,47],"found":[7,28,49,93],"that":[8,29,53,63,117,121,130,185,218,241,262,298],"only":[9],"24%":[10],"(197)":[11],"successfully":[12],"reorganized":[13],"and":[14,80,98,116,139,143,155,162,201,230,257,311,332,454,471,525,539,543,552,557,567],"49%":[15],"(97)":[16],"those":[18],"firms":[19,37,102,166],"survived":[20],"for":[21,165,211,410],"five":[22],"years":[23,208],"after":[24],"reorganization.":[25],"Moreover,":[26],"the":[30,75,150,181,205,236,266,280,423,440,452,456,466,489,505,511,523,533,546,558,562,568],"five-year":[31],"post-reorganization":[32],"performance":[33,97,195,232,281,391],"these":[35,397],"97":[36],"was":[38],"significantly":[39],"less":[40],"than":[41],"their":[42],"respective":[43],"industry":[44,354,364],"averages.":[45],"Additionally,":[46],"(1995)":[48],"evidence":[50],"to":[51,73,94,179,191,215,217,296,352,381,417,443,502],"suggest":[52],"retention":[54],"pre-bankruptcy":[56],"management":[57,404],"hindered":[58],"post-bankruptcy":[59,84,231],"performance.":[60,221],"We":[61],"feel":[62],"a":[64,186,192,212,248,358,419,444,497],"logical":[65],"extension":[66],"in":[67,488,517],"this":[68,172],"line":[69,351],"study":[71,148,314,463],"is":[72,87,177,204,294,315,324,500,508],"examine":[74],"effect":[76,151,223],"diversification":[78,153,275,299,319,322,345,373],"type":[79,90,154,276],"organizational":[81,156,225,478],"size":[82,157,226,244],"on":[83,158,196,227,465],"outcomes.":[85],"This":[86,313,447,462],"because":[88],"strategic":[89],"has":[91,405,519],"been":[92,520],"affect":[95],"transition":[96],"recovery":[99,161,163,176,202],"times":[100,137,164],"undergoing":[103],"dramatic":[104],"reorganization":[105,420,469,494,499,506],"(Dawley":[106],"et":[107,111,290,337,530],"al.,":[108,112,291,338,531],"2002;":[109],"Lamont":[110,289],"1994;":[113],"Hoskisson,":[114,287],"1987),":[115],"prior":[118],"research":[119,516],"suggests":[120,242],"larger":[122,125],"organizations":[123],"possess":[124],"amounts":[126],"slack":[128],"resources":[129],"can":[131,301,414,435],"be":[132,180,486],"drawn":[133],"upon":[134],"during":[135],"difficult":[136],"(Flynn":[138],"Farid,":[140],"1991;":[141],"Moulton":[142],"Thomas,":[144],"1993).":[145],"The":[146,222,390,514],"current":[147],"examines":[149],"probability":[159,174],"emerging":[167],"from":[168,522],"bankruptcy":[169,484,518],"protection.":[170],"study,":[173],"defined":[178,326,356],"odds":[182],"(or":[183],"likelihood)":[184],"bankrupt":[187,213],"firm":[188,214,268],"will":[189,449,485],"return":[190,216],"level":[193,219],"par":[197],"with":[198,317,422],"its":[199],"industry,":[200],"time":[203,416],"number":[206],"it":[209,413,434],"takes":[210],"survival,":[228],"reorganization,":[229],"seems":[233],"important":[234,295],"given":[235],"growing":[237],"body":[238],"literature":[240],"greater":[243],"(typically":[245],"measured":[246],"by":[247,357,510],"firm's":[249],"total":[250],"assets)":[251],"engenders":[252],"stakeholder":[253],"support,":[254],"community":[255],"legitimacy,":[256],"assorted":[258],"ecological":[259],"selection":[260],"enablers":[261],"may":[263],"help":[264],"keep":[265],"distressed":[267],"afloat":[269],"(Bantu,":[270],"1996).":[271],"Similarly,":[272],"choice":[273],"might":[277],"also":[278],"enhance":[279],"troubled":[283],"forms":[284],"(Grant,":[285],"1988;":[286],"1987;":[288],"1994).":[292],"It":[293],"note":[297],"strategy":[300,323],"take":[302],"several":[303],"forms,":[304],"including":[305],"geographic":[306],"(e.g.,":[307,368,387,528,541,554],"degree":[308],"internationalization)":[310],"product.":[312],"concerned":[316],"product":[318,350,379],"strategy.":[320],"Product":[321],"often":[325],"as":[327,429,477],"one":[328,349,353],"two":[330,376,382,406],"types--related":[331],"unrelated":[333,372],"(Rumelt,":[334],"1974;":[335],"Hoskisson":[336],"1993;":[339],"Palepu,":[340],"1985).":[341],"Firms":[342,370],"employing":[343,371,394],"related":[344],"strategies":[346,374,398],"typically":[347],"sell":[348,375,451],"(often":[355],"2,":[359],"3,":[360],"or":[361,377,383],"4-digit":[362],"standard":[363],"classification":[365],"(SIC)":[366],"code":[367],"Nike).":[369],"more":[378,384],"lines":[380],"distinct":[385],"industries":[386],"General":[388],"Electric).":[389],"implications":[392],"either":[395],"are":[399],"discussed":[400],"below.":[401],"An":[402],"organization's":[403,441],"choices":[407],"when":[408],"filing":[409],"bankruptcy.":[411],"First,":[412],"request":[415],"formulate":[418],"plan":[421,507],"intent":[424],"continuing":[426],"operations":[427],"known":[428],"Chapter":[467,473,492],"11,":[431,493],"Reorganization.":[432],"Second,":[433],"turn":[436],"over":[437],"control":[438],"assets":[442,453],"court-appointed":[445],"trustee.":[446],"trustee":[448],"then":[450],"distribute":[455],"funds":[457],"under":[458],"7,":[460],"Liquidation.":[461],"concentrates":[464],"11":[468],"filings":[470,476],"considers":[472],"7":[474],"liquidation":[475],"death.":[479],"Thus,":[480],"unless":[481],"otherwise":[482],"specified,":[483],"used":[487],"context":[490],"filing.":[495],"Furthermore,":[496],"successful":[498],"considered":[501],"exist":[503],"whenever":[504],"approved":[509],"Bankruptcy":[512],"Court.":[513],"existing":[515],"examined":[521],"financial":[524],"accounting":[526],"perspective":[527,535,548,560],"Altman":[529],"1977),":[532],"legal":[534],"asset":[537],"distribution":[538],"venue":[540],"Bradley":[542],"Rosenzweig,":[544],"1992),":[545],"environmental":[547],"corporate":[550],"legitimacy":[551],"prestige":[553],"Thompson,":[555],"1967),":[556],"behavioral":[559],"Board":[563],"Directors":[565],"(BOD)":[566],"Top":[569],"Management":[570],"Team":[571],"(TMT)":[572],"(e.":[573],"\u2026":[574]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}