{"id":"https://openalex.org/W135472607","doi":null,"title":"The Jeremiah Metzger Lecture. Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: redox as a unifying mechanism.","display_name":"The Jeremiah Metzger Lecture. Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: redox as a unifying mechanism.","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W135472607","mag":"135472607","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12813926","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2194516"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:1379293","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2194516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2194516","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108422661","display_name":"R. Wayne Alexander","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R Wayne Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. ralexan@emory.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. ralexan@emory.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108422661"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6228,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6340329,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"114","issue":null,"first_page":"273","last_page":"304"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12955","display_name":"Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases","score":0.5820000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12955","display_name":"Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases","score":0.5820000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10155","display_name":"Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects","score":0.3513000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10445","display_name":"Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress","score":0.04899999871850014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atherogenesis","display_name":"atherogenesis","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactive-oxygen-species","display_name":"reactive oxygen species","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidized-ldl","display_name":"oxidized LDL","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nadph-oxidase","display_name":"NADPH oxidase","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidants","display_name":"antioxidants","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statins","display_name":"statins","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ace-inhibitors","display_name":"ACE inhibitors","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foam-cells","display_name":"foam cells","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocyte-inflammation","display_name":"monocyte inflammation","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arterial-remodeling","display_name":"arterial remodeling","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-shear-stress","display_name":"low shear stress","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.4429999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780942790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016","display_name":"Pathogenesis","level":2,"score":0.859870433807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.6675077676773071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48349386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424361","display_name":"Reactive oxygen species","level":2,"score":0.6467310786247253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6224545836448669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.5968309044837952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5762355327606201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.48405829071998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.43592333793640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.429080069065094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425962","display_name":"Foam cell","level":4,"score":0.4251667559146881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.318159818649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780072125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28350","display_name":"Lipoprotein","level":3,"score":0.28078120946884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2751613259315491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.26944500207901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.204118549823761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000960","descriptor_name":"Hypolipidemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000975","descriptor_name":"Antioxidants","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001161","descriptor_name":"Arteriosclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001161","descriptor_name":"Arteriosclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001161","descriptor_name":"Arteriosclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001161","descriptor_name":"Arteriosclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006439","descriptor_name":"Hemodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007249","descriptor_name":"Inflammation","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007249","descriptor_name":"Inflammation","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007249","descriptor_name":"Inflammation","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010084","descriptor_name":"Oxidation-Reduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012084","descriptor_name":"Renin-Angiotensin System","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015870","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017382","descriptor_name":"Reactive Oxygen Species","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018384","descriptor_name":"Oxidative Stress","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019010","descriptor_name":"Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019010","descriptor_name":"Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:1379293","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2194516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:12813926","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12813926","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association","raw_type":"Lecture"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2194516","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2194516/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:135472607","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12813926","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:1379293","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2194516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4733274756","display_name":"Angiotensin II Receptor Signaling Domains","funder_award_id":"R01HL060728","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W197537679","https://openalex.org/W1535615765","https://openalex.org/W1586099293","https://openalex.org/W1857052429","https://openalex.org/W1970871266","https://openalex.org/W1973429676","https://openalex.org/W1976555160","https://openalex.org/W1992997704","https://openalex.org/W1993269272","https://openalex.org/W1994164919","https://openalex.org/W1995035408","https://openalex.org/W1998305917","https://openalex.org/W1998934871","https://openalex.org/W2008924522","https://openalex.org/W2010794512","https://openalex.org/W2015230474","https://openalex.org/W2016345457","https://openalex.org/W2019463117","https://openalex.org/W2029206024","https://openalex.org/W2050795431","https://openalex.org/W2054194475","https://openalex.org/W2055420779","https://openalex.org/W2056731778","https://openalex.org/W2065591461","https://openalex.org/W2065950908","https://openalex.org/W2070763907","https://openalex.org/W2072444890","https://openalex.org/W2072608243","https://openalex.org/W2074499846","https://openalex.org/W2080135371","https://openalex.org/W2080480505","https://openalex.org/W2083169533","https://openalex.org/W2083217753","https://openalex.org/W2083481797","https://openalex.org/W2084318883","https://openalex.org/W2091301735","https://openalex.org/W2093250775","https://openalex.org/W2093664978","https://openalex.org/W2094696331","https://openalex.org/W2095368090","https://openalex.org/W2096292525","https://openalex.org/W2099112973","https://openalex.org/W2103042683","https://openalex.org/W2103636227","https://openalex.org/W2103709392","https://openalex.org/W2104078373","https://openalex.org/W2104573407","https://openalex.org/W2106319388","https://openalex.org/W2107919301","https://openalex.org/W2110182057","https://openalex.org/W2111779767","https://openalex.org/W2112098540","https://openalex.org/W2114704077","https://openalex.org/W2117795062","https://openalex.org/W2118814154","https://openalex.org/W2124728065","https://openalex.org/W2126524259","https://openalex.org/W2131900346","https://openalex.org/W2134785329","https://openalex.org/W2135633069","https://openalex.org/W2137570167","https://openalex.org/W2138432239","https://openalex.org/W2138928713","https://openalex.org/W2156669022","https://openalex.org/W2159087408","https://openalex.org/W2160301642","https://openalex.org/W2162010936","https://openalex.org/W2169182236","https://openalex.org/W2265277925","https://openalex.org/W2312388685","https://openalex.org/W2324712847","https://openalex.org/W2330609598","https://openalex.org/W2335161036","https://openalex.org/W2342067247","https://openalex.org/W2565726191","https://openalex.org/W2990534548","https://openalex.org/W3190729260","https://openalex.org/W4296979652"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570268463","https://openalex.org/W2755249976","https://openalex.org/W4251490776","https://openalex.org/W2590331075","https://openalex.org/W197537679","https://openalex.org/W1968055952","https://openalex.org/W4250631417","https://openalex.org/W4401389274","https://openalex.org/W4233530848","https://openalex.org/W4311001935"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Excessive":[0],"production":[1],"of":[2,27,34,39,54,67,75,79,83,93,115,119,124,138,146],"reactive":[3],"oxygen":[4],"species":[5],"(ROS)":[6],"occurs":[7],"in":[8,31,42,57,121,134,140,188],"many":[9],"diseases":[10],"and":[11,71,131,152],"oxidation":[12,120],"may":[13],"be":[14,97],"a":[15,129],"common":[16],"disease":[17],"mechanism":[18],"generally.":[19],"The":[20,87,142],"original":[21],"\"oxidation":[22],"hypothesis\"":[23],"concerning":[24],"the":[25,32,35,43,68,72,109,116,122,135],"pathogenesis":[26,123],"atherosclerosis":[28,125],"was":[29],"posited":[30],"context":[33],"putative":[36],"central":[37,117],"role":[38,118,137],"oxidized":[40],"LDL":[41],"process.":[44],"Atherosclerosis":[45],"has":[46,126],"three":[47],"major":[48],"characteristic":[49],"features:":[50],"inflammation":[51],"with":[52],"accumulation":[53],"T-cells":[55],"and,":[56],"particular,":[58],"monocytes,":[59],"which":[60,102],"become":[61],"lipid":[62,161],"rich":[63],"foam":[64],"cells;":[65],"remodeling":[66],"arterial":[69],"wall;":[70],"non-random":[73],"localization":[74],"lesions":[76],"to":[77,99,128,159,165],"areas":[78],"disturbed":[80],"flow":[81],"or":[82],"low":[84],"shear":[85],"stress.":[86],"evidence":[88,178],"is":[89],"reviewed":[90],"that":[91,155,179],"each":[92],"these":[94],"characteristics":[95],"can":[96],"attributed":[98,164],"excessive":[100],"ROS,":[101],"are":[103,156,163,194],"derived":[104],"from":[105],"cellular":[106],"oxidases,":[107],"especially,":[108],"NAD(P)H":[110],"oxidases.":[111],"This":[112],"expanded":[113],"concept":[114],"led":[127],"renewed":[130],"intense":[132],"interest":[133],"potential":[136],"antioxidants":[139],"therapy.":[141],"vascular":[143],"protective":[144],"effects":[145],"existing":[147],"drugs":[148,183],"such":[149],"as":[150,171,175,177],"statins":[151],"ACE":[153],"inhibitors":[154],"not":[157,186],"related":[158],"serum":[160],"alterations":[162],"their":[166],"indirect":[167],"but":[168,191],"effective":[169],"roles":[170],"antioxidants.":[172],"These":[173],"data":[174],"well":[176],"newly":[180],"developed":[181],"antioxidant":[182],"show":[184],"promise,":[185],"only":[187],"experimental":[189],"animals":[190],"also":[192],"clinically,":[193],"reviewed.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
