{"id":"https://openalex.org/W133802647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001857870504001107","title":"Use of Automated Controlled Substance Cabinets for Detection of Diversion in US Hospitals: A National Study","display_name":"Use of Automated Controlled Substance Cabinets for Detection of Diversion in US Hospitals: A National Study","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W133802647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001857870504001107","mag":"133802647"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/001857870504001107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001857870504001107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001857870504001107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44931747","display_name":"Hospital Pharmacy","issn_l":"0018-5787","issn":["0018-5787","1945-1253"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hospital Pharmacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003777193","display_name":"Karren Crowson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150323","display_name":"Cardinal Health (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03pd82777","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karren Crowson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Technology Services, Cardinal Health Care, San Diego, CA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Technology Services, Cardinal Health Care, San Diego, CA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150323"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070028008","display_name":"Mary R. Monk-Tutor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83321563","display_name":"Samford University","ror":"https://ror.org/0040cz635","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83321563"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary Monk-Tutor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmacy Administration and McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, AL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmacy Administration and McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, AL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83321563"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7374,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7561738,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"11","first_page":"977","last_page":"983"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10576","display_name":"Opioid Use Disorder Treatment","score":0.638700008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10576","display_name":"Opioid Use Disorder Treatment","score":0.638700008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13279","display_name":"Safe Handling of Antineoplastic Drugs","score":0.04740000143647194,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14396","display_name":"Healthcare Regulation","score":0.035599999129772186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-diversion","display_name":"drug diversion","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controlled-substances","display_name":"controlled substances","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narcotics","display_name":"narcotics","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-screening","display_name":"drug screening","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-workers","display_name":"healthcare workers","score":0.5600000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7932909727096558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776640315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315941","display_name":"Respondent","level":2,"score":0.6186121702194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.4495500326156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775849661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940","display_name":"Narcotic","level":2,"score":0.4457818865776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777972796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850692","display_name":"Controlled substance","level":3,"score":0.4373665452003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.43728721141815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.34596362709999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.3277515172958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2224254012107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.16820374131202698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.11500614881515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.10781681537628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09828805923461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08537444472312927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/001857870504001107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001857870504001107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001857870504001107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44931747","display_name":"Hospital Pharmacy","issn_l":"0018-5787","issn":["0018-5787","1945-1253"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hospital Pharmacy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1731735739","https://openalex.org/W1755857100","https://openalex.org/W1874408851","https://openalex.org/W1901039157","https://openalex.org/W2312264486","https://openalex.org/W2414771559","https://openalex.org/W2429535356","https://openalex.org/W2435301539","https://openalex.org/W2525692839","https://openalex.org/W2608344321","https://openalex.org/W2782336696","https://openalex.org/W2915537644","https://openalex.org/W4206789235","https://openalex.org/W4230686325","https://openalex.org/W4237838489","https://openalex.org/W4291324983"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1874408851","https://openalex.org/W1985774296","https://openalex.org/W2041706392","https://openalex.org/W2943403717","https://openalex.org/W1982779199","https://openalex.org/W1964928313","https://openalex.org/W2003682492","https://openalex.org/W2094465466","https://openalex.org/W2157373234","https://openalex.org/W4404992501"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"Use":[1],"of":[2,12,40,78,115,160,169,175,196,212,215,252,269,292,302],"automated":[3],"controlled":[4,123,253,303],"substance":[5],"cabinets":[6],"(ACSCs)":[7],"for":[8,31,136,150,266],"storage":[9],"and":[10,20,44,46,94,131,185,202,246,263,283,295],"distribution":[11],"narcotics":[13],"can":[14],"provide":[15],"documentation":[16],"necessary":[17,189,224],"to":[18,67,74,156,191,226,235,249,289,299],"identify":[19],"detect":[21],"drug":[22,68,260],"diversion.":[23,69],"This":[24],"study":[25],"investigated":[26],"how":[27],"ACSCs":[28,55,285],"are":[29],"used":[30,54,182,278],"narcotic":[32,293],"control":[33],"in":[34,144],"US":[35],"hospitals":[36,52,80],"(including":[37],"a":[38,75,82,193,228],"comparison":[39],"detection":[41,100,134,162,195,230,291],"rates":[42,101,108,135,163],"pre-":[43,130],"post-automations)":[45],"looked":[47],"at":[48],"the":[49,112,126,145,151,157,176,188,213,216,223,250,267,287],"difference":[50],"between":[51],"that":[53,58,119,179,232,271],"vs":[56],"those":[57,137],"did":[59],"not;":[60],"it":[61],"also":[62],"identified":[63],"hospital":[64],"policies":[65,245],"related":[66,248],"Methods":[70],"A":[71],"survey":[72],"mailed":[73],"national":[76],"sample":[77],"311":[79],"achieved":[81],"22%":[83],"usable":[84],"response":[85],"rate.":[86],"Data":[87],"were":[88,102,109,120,142,164,272],"entered":[89],"into":[90],"an":[91,183],"Excel":[92],"database":[93],"analyzed":[95],"using":[96,139,219],"descriptive":[97],"statistics;":[98],"diversion":[99,161,194,229,251,301],"calculated":[103],"per":[104,117,198,204,238],"100":[105,199,205,239],"beds.":[106,240],"Detection":[107],"defined":[110,143],"as":[111],"average":[113],"number":[114],"employees":[116],"year":[118],"detected":[121,273],"diverting":[122,274],"substances":[124,304],"over":[125],"3-year":[127,152],"period":[128,153],"(both":[129],"post-ACSC":[132],"installation);":[133],"still":[138],"manual":[140],"systems":[141],"same":[146],"way":[147],"but":[148],"only":[149],"just":[154],"prior":[155],"study.":[158],"Calculation":[159],"based":[165],"on":[166],"respondent":[167],"estimates":[168],"such":[170],"occurrences.":[171],"Results":[172],"Over":[173],"80%":[174],"respondents":[177,242],"indicated":[178],"their":[180],"institution":[181],"ACSC,":[184],"62%":[186],"provided":[187,222],"information":[190,225],"calculate":[192,227],"0.36":[197],"beds":[200,206],"pre-automation":[201],"1.12":[203],"post-automation":[207],"(P":[208],"<":[209],"0.001).":[210],"Out":[211],"19%":[214],"institutions":[217],"not":[218],"ACSCs,":[220],"60%":[221],"rate":[231],"was":[233],"determined":[234],"be":[236],"0.76":[237],"All":[241],"reported":[243],"having":[244],"procedures":[247],"substances;":[254],"however,":[255],"they":[256],"varied":[257],"significantly":[258],"regarding":[259],"screening":[261],"practices":[262],"specific":[264],"conditions":[265],"rehire":[268],"staff":[270],"drugs.":[275],"Conclusions":[276],"When":[277],"properly,":[279],"with":[280],"effective":[281],"checks":[282],"balances,":[284],"have":[286],"capability":[288],"improve":[290],"diversion;":[294],"thus,":[296],"may":[297],"help":[298],"decrease":[300],"by":[305],"health":[306],"care":[307],"professionals.":[308]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}