{"id":"https://openalex.org/W132138455","doi":null,"title":"Current concepts in clinical therapeutics: asthma.","display_name":"Current concepts in clinical therapeutics: asthma.","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W132138455","mag":"132138455","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2869853"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:2869853","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2869853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical pharmacy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109210275","display_name":"R. Peter Iafrate","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R P Iafrate","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036334363","display_name":"Massey Kl","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K L Massey","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045090879","display_name":"Leslie Hendeles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4626-4493","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4626-4493"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L Hendeles","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1507,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85216521,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"206","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12208","display_name":"Occupational exposure and asthma","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma","display_name":"asthma","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma-pathophysiology","display_name":"asthma pathophysiology","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airway-hyperresponsiveness","display_name":"airway hyperresponsiveness","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma-diagnosis","display_name":"asthma diagnosis","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma-treatment","display_name":"asthma treatment","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-2-adrenergic-agonists","display_name":"beta2-adrenergic agonists","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inhaled-corticosteroids","display_name":"inhaled corticosteroids","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theophylline","display_name":"theophylline","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sodium-cromoglycate","display_name":"disodium cromoglycate","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotherapy","display_name":"immunotherapy","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma-epidemiology","display_name":"asthma epidemiology","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma-morbidity-and-mortality","display_name":"asthma morbidity and mortality","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-burden-of-asthma","display_name":"economic burden of asthma","score":0.7450000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9419495463371277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.8695657253265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778095195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407308","display_name":"Theophylline","level":2,"score":0.8369654417037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781018748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q927234","display_name":"Bronchodilator","level":3,"score":0.7770204544067383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.5730330944061279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318","display_name":"Etiology","level":2,"score":0.5027635097503662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776178081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3286546","display_name":"Respiratory disease","level":3,"score":0.49984121322631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779999680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17157254","display_name":"Pathophysiology of asthma","level":3,"score":0.45974570512771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2921570837497711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.1227644681930542}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000305","descriptor_name":"Adrenal Cortex Hormones","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000305","descriptor_name":"Adrenal Cortex Hormones","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000305","descriptor_name":"Adrenal Cortex Hormones","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000318","descriptor_name":"Adrenergic beta-Agonists","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000318","descriptor_name":"Adrenergic beta-Agonists","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000318","descriptor_name":"Adrenergic beta-Agonists","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002621","descriptor_name":"Chemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004205","descriptor_name":"Cromolyn Sodium","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004205","descriptor_name":"Cromolyn Sodium","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004205","descriptor_name":"Cromolyn Sodium","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004361","descriptor_name":"Drug Tolerance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010276","descriptor_name":"Parasympatholytics","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010276","descriptor_name":"Parasympatholytics","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010276","descriptor_name":"Parasympatholytics","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010276","descriptor_name":"Parasympatholytics","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013806","descriptor_name":"Theophylline","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013806","descriptor_name":"Theophylline","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055598","descriptor_name":"Chemical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:2869853","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2869853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical pharmacy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:132138455","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2869853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2080005631","https://openalex.org/W2440593612","https://openalex.org/W2462693500","https://openalex.org/W2400903829","https://openalex.org/W2409919720","https://openalex.org/W2400159881","https://openalex.org/W2079039776","https://openalex.org/W4290626237","https://openalex.org/W2020064315","https://openalex.org/W2408427414"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,54,77],"epidemiology,":[1],"etiology,":[2],"pathophysiology,":[3],"diagnosis,":[4],"and":[5,11,28,43,74,92,158,178,203,221,241,249],"treatment":[6],"of":[7,25,57,64,79,85,112,175],"asthma":[8,18,31,58,80,113,129,216],"are":[9,19,81,180],"reviewed,":[10],"the":[12,65,149,152,166,188],"major":[13],"drugs":[14],"used":[15,162],"in":[16,21,44,212,236],"treating":[17],"discussed":[20],"depth.":[22],"In":[23],"terms":[24],"morbidity,":[26],"mortality,":[27],"economic":[29],"impact,":[30],"is":[32,156,196,210,229],"a":[33,45,62,117],"serious":[34],"disease.":[35],"About":[36],"nine":[37],"million":[38],"Americans":[39],"suffer":[40],"from":[41,52],"it,":[42],"recent":[46],"year":[47],"nearly":[48],"2000":[49],"people":[50],"died":[51],"it.":[53],"underlying":[55],"mechanism":[56],"appears":[59,185],"to":[60,67,151,168,186,238,247,252],"be":[61,96,131,146,161,187,206],"hyperreactivity":[63],"airways":[66],"certain":[68],"stimuli,":[69],"including":[70],"environmental":[71],"irritants,":[72],"exercise,":[73],"psychological":[75],"factors.":[76],"symptoms":[78],"caused":[82,217],"by":[83,218],"spasm":[84],"airway":[86],"smooth":[87],"muscle,":[88],"increased":[89],"mucus":[90],"secretion,":[91],"inflammation.":[93],"Asthma":[94,228],"may":[95,160,205],"classified":[97],"as":[98,140],"intermittent":[99,128],"(patients":[100,107],"with":[101,108,122,134,214],"extended":[102],"symptom-free":[103],"periods)":[104],"or":[105,127,142,226],"chronic":[106,192,215],"frequent":[109],"exacerbations).":[110],"Diagnosis":[111],"relies":[114],"heavily":[115],"on":[116,224],"comprehensive":[118],"patient":[119],"history":[120],"confirmed":[121],"objective":[123],"physiologic":[124],"data.":[125],"Acute":[126],"should":[130,145],"treated":[132],"first":[133],"inhaled":[135],"beta":[136,153],"2":[137,154],"agonists":[138,155],"such":[139],"albuterol":[141],"terbutaline.":[143],"Corticosteroids":[144],"started":[147],"if":[148],"response":[150,237],"inadequate,":[157],"theophylline":[159,225],"while":[163],"waiting":[164],"for":[165,191],"steroids":[167],"exert":[169],"an":[170,197],"effect.":[171],"Adequate":[172],"hydration,":[173],"correction":[174],"metabolic":[176],"acidosis,":[177],"oxygen":[179],"essential":[181],"supportive":[182],"measures.":[183],"Theophylline":[184],"best":[189,230],"noncorticosteroid":[190],"asthma,":[193],"although":[194],"cromolyn":[195],"acceptable":[198],"alternative.":[199],"Sympathomimetic":[200],"bronchodilator":[201],"therapy":[202,245],"corticosteroids":[204],"needed":[207],"adjunctively.":[208],"Immunotherapy":[209],"indicated":[211],"patients":[213],"specific":[219,239],"allergens":[220],"poorly":[222],"controlled":[223],"cromolyn.":[227],"managed":[231],"using":[232],"multiple":[233],"pharmacologic":[234],"agents":[235],"events":[240],"symptoms,":[242],"making":[243],"optimal":[244],"difficult":[246,251],"achieve":[248],"sometimes":[250],"define.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
