{"id":"https://openalex.org/W130745374","doi":null,"title":"A Two-Stage System for Arabic Handwritten Digit Recognition Tested on a New Large Database.","display_name":"A Two-Stage System for Arabic Handwritten Digit Recognition Tested on a New Large Database.","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W130745374","mag":"130745374"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:130745374","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ezzat_El-Sherif/publication/221325790_A_Two-Stage_System_for_Arabic_Handwritten_Digit_Recognition_Tested_on_a_New_Large_Database/links/5539ae1f0cf226723aba3224.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306417716","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Pattern Recognition","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013043532","display_name":"Ezzat El\u2010Sherif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1738-8139","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1738-8139"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ezzat El\u2010Sherif","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1738-8139","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054130941","display_name":"Sherif Abdelazeem","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sherif Abdelazeem","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3785,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69322088,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"237","last_page":"242"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reject-option","display_name":"reject option","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network","display_name":"artificial neural networks","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"support vector machine","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vectors","display_name":"feature vectors","score":0.3889999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7611782550811768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6222952604293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6217649579048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.6039920449256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5920717716217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82054205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29961325","display_name":"Arabic numerals","level":2,"score":0.5904988050460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984784707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Digit recognition","level":3,"score":0.5773396492004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94957134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82990","display_name":"Numerical digit","level":2,"score":0.5766521096229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5609809160232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5495126843452454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.5090208053588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4441239833831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.44065308570861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.43836769461631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.42112213373184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.17588642239570618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11925679445266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:130745374","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ezzat_El-Sherif/publication/221325790_A_Two-Stage_System_for_Arabic_Handwritten_Digit_Recognition_Tested_on_a_New_Large_Database/links/5539ae1f0cf226723aba3224.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306417716","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Pattern Recognition","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575739010","https://openalex.org/W1994716798","https://openalex.org/W1997332145","https://openalex.org/W2015489952","https://openalex.org/W2017787659","https://openalex.org/W2048307847","https://openalex.org/W2108556791","https://openalex.org/W2108736209","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2131115343","https://openalex.org/W3159512266"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986275625","https://openalex.org/W2541367164","https://openalex.org/W2794072406","https://openalex.org/W3040347307","https://openalex.org/W1990665784","https://openalex.org/W2102824830","https://openalex.org/W2333699885","https://openalex.org/W2535727630","https://openalex.org/W3045830616","https://openalex.org/W7131259731"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"introduce":[4,39],"a":[5,40,48,76,90,116],"new":[6],"large":[7,117],"Arabic":[8,44],"Handwritten":[9],"Digits":[10],"dataBase":[11],"(AHDBase).":[12],"The":[13,65],"AHDBase":[14],"is":[15,60,68,106],"composed":[16,61],"of":[17,31,51,62,84],"60,000":[18],"digits":[19,24,46],"for":[20,25,43,81],"training":[21],"and":[22,34,54],"10,000":[23],"testing":[26],"written":[27],"by":[28],"700":[29],"persons":[30],"different":[32],"ages":[33],"educational":[35],"backgrounds.":[36],"We":[37],"also":[38],"recognition":[41,49,56],"system":[42,59],"handwritten":[45],"with":[47,75,115],"rate":[50],"99.15":[52],"%":[53],"low":[55],"time.":[57],"Our":[58],"two":[63],"stages.":[64],"first":[66,127],"stage":[67,88,105],"an":[69],"Artificial":[70],"Neural":[71],"Network":[72],"(ANN)":[73],"fed":[74,114],"short":[77],"powerful":[78,101,109],"feature":[79,118],"vector":[80,119],"fast":[82],"classification":[83],"non-ambiguous":[85],"cases.":[86],"First":[87],"has":[89],"reject":[91],"option":[92],"to":[93,98,120],"pass":[94],"the":[95,99,122],"ambiguous":[96,123],"cases":[97,124],"more":[100],"second":[102],"stage.":[103,128],"Second":[104],"slow":[107],"yet":[108],"Support":[110],"Vector":[111],"Machine":[112],"(SVM)":[113],"classify":[121],"rejected":[125],"from":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
