{"id":"https://openalex.org/W130733045","doi":null,"title":"GPR AND EM SURVEYS TO DETECT AND MAP PEAT AND PERMAFROST-A PILOT STUDY","display_name":"GPR AND EM SURVEYS TO DETECT AND MAP PEAT AND PERMAFROST-A PILOT STUDY","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W130733045","mag":"130733045"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:130733045","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trid.trb.org/view/720496","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088548023","display_name":"Ryan Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3747-6868","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3747-6868"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3747-6868","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088548023"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02037405,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.01860000006854534,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"ground penetrating radar","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permafrost","display_name":"permafrost","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frozen-soil","display_name":"frozen soil","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-settlement","display_name":"differential settlement","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leachate-collection-system","display_name":"leachate collection system","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fairbanks-alaska","display_name":"Fairbanks, Alaska","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsurface-mapping","display_name":"subsurface mapping","score":0.6119999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53657456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184624","display_name":"Peat","level":2,"score":0.8877075910568237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15098985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179918","display_name":"Permafrost","level":2,"score":0.8499939441680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.8461014628410339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6904720664024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.6197938323020935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161222754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270699","display_name":"Silt","level":2,"score":0.5670052170753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983696493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705730","display_name":"Test site","level":2,"score":0.5145747065544128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.49912500381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.4260198175907135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.4247973561286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4222140312194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16674752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370637","display_name":"Mining engineering","level":1,"score":0.3789352476596832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.35339224338531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3298296332359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.3166440725326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2968423366546631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.21177271008491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.10652616620063782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.08893325924873352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:130733045","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trid.trb.org/view/720496","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3138445614","https://openalex.org/W2914459312","https://openalex.org/W1922853065","https://openalex.org/W7061419119","https://openalex.org/W2328348183","https://openalex.org/W2626040382","https://openalex.org/W1977543393","https://openalex.org/W2396043865","https://openalex.org/W2059183019","https://openalex.org/W4231855945"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ground":[0,127],"penetrating":[1],"radar":[2],"(GPR)":[3],"and":[4,16,33,68,79,98,106,177,202,210,232],"electromagnetic":[5],"terrain":[6,163],"conductivity":[7,164],"(EM)":[8],"surveys":[9,204,220],"were":[10,87],"performed":[11],"to":[12,64,73,117,122,156,184,238],"detect":[13,193],"frozen":[14,31,80,159,174,194,215],"ground":[15,32,81,195],"peat":[17,34,78,145],"layers":[18,35,146],"at":[19,82],"a":[20,39,104,186,225,240],"proposed":[21],"landfill":[22],"site":[23],"in":[24,36,103,169,196],"Fairbanks,":[25],"Alaska.":[26],"Geotehcnical":[27],"test":[28,120,132,243],"pits":[29,121,133],"showed":[30],"places,":[37],"prompting":[38],"concern":[40],"that":[41,135,188],"differential":[42],"settlement":[43],"would":[44],"disrupt":[45],"the":[46,56,75,83,110,125,130,142,219,233],"planned":[47],"leachate":[48],"collection":[49],"system-a":[50],"network":[51],"of":[52,77,144,158,214,229],"pipes":[53],"installed":[54],"beneath":[55],"refuse.":[57],"A":[58],"geophysical":[59],"pilot":[60],"study":[61],"was":[62,165],"undertaken":[63],"determine":[65],"if":[66],"GPR":[67,136,201],"EM":[69,189,203],"could":[70,147,153,190,205,221,235],"be":[71,149,154,222,236],"used":[72,223,237],"map":[74],"extent":[76],"site.":[84,126],"These":[85],"methods":[86],"selected":[88],"because":[89],"they":[90],"use":[91],"readily":[92],"available":[93],"instruments,":[94],"straightforward":[95],"field":[96],"procedures,":[97],"provide":[99],"continuous":[100],"subsurface":[101],"information":[102],"rapid":[105,226],"economical":[107],"fashion,":[108],"with":[109],"potential":[111,212],"for":[112,224],"significant":[113],"cost":[114],"savings":[115],"compared":[116],"digging":[118],"enough":[119],"fully":[123],"characterize":[124],"truth":[128],"from":[129],"existing":[131],"indicated":[134],"identified":[137],"areas":[138,157,213],"containing":[139],"peat,":[140],"although":[141],"thickness":[143],"not":[148,191],"determined.":[150],"Low-conductivity":[151],"zones":[152],"correlated":[155],"ground.":[160,216],"Overall,":[161],"however,":[162],"affected":[166],"by":[167],"variations":[168],"both":[170],"soil":[171,178],"conditions":[172],"(i.e.,":[173],"versus":[175,182],"unfrozen)":[176],"type":[179],"(e.g.,":[180],"silt":[181],"gravel)":[183],"such":[185],"degree":[187],"reliably":[192],"every":[197],"instance.":[198],"In":[199],"conclusion,":[200],"rapidly":[206],"delineate":[207],"gross":[208],"lithology":[209],"indicate":[211],"As":[217],"such,":[218],"preliminary":[227],"assessment":[228],"virgin":[230],"sites":[231],"findings":[234],"direct":[239],"more":[241],"efficient":[242],"pit":[244],"program.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}