{"id":"https://openalex.org/W130675250","doi":null,"title":"Ethnic and Gender Differences in the Correlates of Bone Mineral Density","display_name":"Ethnic and Gender Differences in the Correlates of Bone Mineral Density","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W130675250","mag":"130675250"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:d-scholarship.pitt.edu:7192","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/7192/2/main-file-etd-04152005-174219.pdf","pdf_url":"http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/7192/2/main-file-etd-04152005-174219.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402372","display_name":"D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/7192/2/main-file-etd-04152005-174219.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070536498","display_name":"Deanna D. Hill","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deanna Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070536498"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11655","display_name":"HIV-related health complications and treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11219","display_name":"Bone Metabolism and Diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-mineral-density","display_name":"bone mineral density","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteoporosis","display_name":"osteoporosis","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-loss","display_name":"bone loss","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-differences","display_name":"ethnic differences","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-americans","display_name":"African Americans","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-ancestry","display_name":"African ancestry","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hip-bone-mineral-density","display_name":"hip bone density","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/femoral-neck","display_name":"femoral neck","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postmenopausal-women","display_name":"postmenopausal women","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lean-body-mass","display_name":"lean body mass","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thiazide-diuretics","display_name":"thiazide diuretics","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/back-pain","display_name":"back pain","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture-history","display_name":"fracture history","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minority-health","display_name":"minority health","score":0.3580000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8199042081832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776886416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4941567","display_name":"Bone mineral","level":3,"score":0.7620753049850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776541429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165328","display_name":"Osteoporosis","level":2,"score":0.6816447973251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775854910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4844892","display_name":"Femoral neck","level":3,"score":0.65871661901474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6082432270050049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.4726891815662384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777628954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18216","display_name":"Aspirin","level":2,"score":0.4710271954536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779329777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304401","display_name":"Bone density","level":3,"score":0.4523232877254486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120863210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17064264","display_name":"Lean body mass","level":3,"score":0.41961032152175903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3811975419521332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3681456744670868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.07615786790847778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:d-scholarship.pitt.edu:7192","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/7192/2/main-file-etd-04152005-174219.pdf","pdf_url":"http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/7192/2/main-file-etd-04152005-174219.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402372","display_name":"D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"mag:130675250","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/7192/2/main%2Dfile%2Detd%2D04152005%2D174219.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:d-scholarship.pitt.edu:7192","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/7192/2/main-file-etd-04152005-174219.pdf","pdf_url":"http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/7192/2/main-file-etd-04152005-174219.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402372","display_name":"D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W130675250.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W130675250.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":205,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7726188","https://openalex.org/W30519312","https://openalex.org/W65044845","https://openalex.org/W82193103","https://openalex.org/W95771668","https://openalex.org/W101263624","https://openalex.org/W1481500203","https://openalex.org/W1511336021","https://openalex.org/W1541003560","https://openalex.org/W1563308203","https://openalex.org/W1607151225","https://openalex.org/W1871170274","https://openalex.org/W1899801274","https://openalex.org/W1905169758","https://openalex.org/W1911010690","https://openalex.org/W1921030941","https://openalex.org/W1923346998","https://openalex.org/W1934932054","https://openalex.org/W1964529298","https://openalex.org/W1964815707","https://openalex.org/W1970001479","https://openalex.org/W1970459985","https://openalex.org/W1970787765","https://openalex.org/W1971532023","https://openalex.org/W1971909806","https://openalex.org/W1974514176","https://openalex.org/W1975608588","https://openalex.org/W1976278456","https://openalex.org/W1977063684","https://openalex.org/W1977646633","https://openalex.org/W1979055801","https://openalex.org/W1979344569","https://openalex.org/W1979950025","https://openalex.org/W1980187866","https://openalex.org/W1980224053","https://openalex.org/W1980677917","https://openalex.org/W1983911077","https://openalex.org/W1985184665","https://openalex.org/W1986262930","https://openalex.org/W1986305420","https://openalex.org/W1986506426","https://openalex.org/W1986705224","https://openalex.org/W1986827084","https://openalex.org/W1987336909","https://openalex.org/W1990442559","https://openalex.org/W1990485196","https://openalex.org/W1991951544","https://openalex.org/W1992836471","https://openalex.org/W1993386068","https://openalex.org/W1993857965","https://openalex.org/W1993932749","https://openalex.org/W1996007424","https://openalex.org/W1996163526","https://openalex.org/W1996251556","https://openalex.org/W1997848334","https://openalex.org/W1998561594","https://openalex.org/W1998986075","https://openalex.org/W2001315800","https://openalex.org/W2001431048","https://openalex.org/W2001835990","https://openalex.org/W2003078315","https://openalex.org/W2003778245","https://openalex.org/W2004498172","https://openalex.org/W2007897752","https://openalex.org/W2010663321","https://openalex.org/W2011891819","https://openalex.org/W2016151434","https://openalex.org/W2016371377","https://openalex.org/W2017918613","https://openalex.org/W2017945794","https://openalex.org/W2022905827","https://openalex.org/W2023598803","https://openalex.org/W2024266959","https://openalex.org/W2026154185","https://openalex.org/W2027605459","https://openalex.org/W2027852937","https://openalex.org/W2027975963","https://openalex.org/W2028355948","https://openalex.org/W2028541666","https://openalex.org/W2029417405","https://openalex.org/W2030364842","https://openalex.org/W2031958489","https://openalex.org/W2034369200","https://openalex.org/W2035923114","https://openalex.org/W2036616822","https://openalex.org/W2037314712","https://openalex.org/W2038647735","https://openalex.org/W2041841151","https://openalex.org/W2041988428","https://openalex.org/W2042304149","https://openalex.org/W2043831621","https://openalex.org/W2045133151","https://openalex.org/W2046396082","https://openalex.org/W2046722723","https://openalex.org/W2048415747","https://openalex.org/W2048546200","https://openalex.org/W2049205904","https://openalex.org/W2050229863","https://openalex.org/W2054246474","https://openalex.org/W2055107691","https://openalex.org/W2055137685","https://openalex.org/W2055152110","https://openalex.org/W2056810908","https://openalex.org/W2057041535","https://openalex.org/W2060662815","https://openalex.org/W2061281314","https://openalex.org/W2062635386","https://openalex.org/W2062711826","https://openalex.org/W2063727524","https://openalex.org/W2064187179","https://openalex.org/W2065836258","https://openalex.org/W2065985955","https://openalex.org/W2066677911","https://openalex.org/W2067150234","https://openalex.org/W2068503643","https://openalex.org/W2068686444","https://openalex.org/W2068897764","https://openalex.org/W2069350123","https://openalex.org/W2070704451","https://openalex.org/W2072053440","https://openalex.org/W2073273434","https://openalex.org/W2074621030","https://openalex.org/W2076150760","https://openalex.org/W2076544932","https://openalex.org/W2076562667","https://openalex.org/W2077383516","https://openalex.org/W2079115079","https://openalex.org/W2079329422","https://openalex.org/W2079890946","https://openalex.org/W2080063430","https://openalex.org/W2080284998","https://openalex.org/W2080552383","https://openalex.org/W2081627738","https://openalex.org/W2085560374","https://openalex.org/W2087611540","https://openalex.org/W2087899382","https://openalex.org/W2088406851","https://openalex.org/W2089205353","https://openalex.org/W2091619532","https://openalex.org/W2091650938","https://openalex.org/W2092263058","https://openalex.org/W2093033478","https://openalex.org/W2093765358","https://openalex.org/W2095015602","https://openalex.org/W2095030054","https://openalex.org/W2096021161","https://openalex.org/W2096021546","https://openalex.org/W2096730236","https://openalex.org/W2096898164","https://openalex.org/W2096982348","https://openalex.org/W2097325658","https://openalex.org/W2098075151","https://openalex.org/W2098907212","https://openalex.org/W2099555154","https://openalex.org/W2100042154","https://openalex.org/W2100987599","https://openalex.org/W2103677009","https://openalex.org/W2105575707","https://openalex.org/W2105853087","https://openalex.org/W2108063837","https://openalex.org/W2116288435","https://openalex.org/W2118598221","https://openalex.org/W2119625796","https://openalex.org/W2119796107","https://openalex.org/W2123621672","https://openalex.org/W2126471843","https://openalex.org/W2129322604","https://openalex.org/W2130968777","https://openalex.org/W2131017606","https://openalex.org/W2135769510","https://openalex.org/W2135881062","https://openalex.org/W2138910231","https://openalex.org/W2141528524","https://openalex.org/W2142082869","https://openalex.org/W2148861243","https://openalex.org/W2150539152","https://openalex.org/W2153054258","https://openalex.org/W2153205382","https://openalex.org/W2153210264","https://openalex.org/W2153579902","https://openalex.org/W2157696200","https://openalex.org/W2160286922","https://openalex.org/W2161197885","https://openalex.org/W2165698743","https://openalex.org/W2166445001","https://openalex.org/W2171194559","https://openalex.org/W2171434323","https://openalex.org/W2171905902","https://openalex.org/W2172270209","https://openalex.org/W2173900621","https://openalex.org/W2181767505","https://openalex.org/W2202671209","https://openalex.org/W2323830513","https://openalex.org/W2328395956","https://openalex.org/W2338159363","https://openalex.org/W2395830900","https://openalex.org/W2417150112","https://openalex.org/W2466601150","https://openalex.org/W2469800345","https://openalex.org/W2592974517","https://openalex.org/W2776961186","https://openalex.org/W2780101247","https://openalex.org/W2783787870","https://openalex.org/W2795845722","https://openalex.org/W3021926250"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1563308203","https://openalex.org/W2029891741","https://openalex.org/W2050194407","https://openalex.org/W2104912868","https://openalex.org/W2024643485","https://openalex.org/W2093765358","https://openalex.org/W1968055913","https://openalex.org/W2790069477","https://openalex.org/W2018234244","https://openalex.org/W351005110"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Osteoporosis":[0],"is":[1,19,36,331],"an":[2],"important":[3],"public":[4,325],"health":[5,326],"concern":[6],"because":[7],"of":[8,33,42,49,57,62,74,94,115,124,161,170,183,243,275,290,307,321,328],"the":[9,31,70,116,171,324,342],"significant":[10],"morbidity":[11],"and":[12,24,55,92,105,120,149,163,175,193,198,204,235,272,315],"mortality":[13],"associated":[14,88,109,140,154],"with":[15,89,110,141,155],"osteoporotic":[16],"fractures.":[17],"It":[18],"well":[20,38],"established":[21],"that":[22,293,332],"ethnic":[23,179],"gender":[25,187,280],"differences":[26,35,180],"influence":[27],"osteoporosis":[28,333],"risk,":[29],"but":[30],"etiology":[32],"these":[34],"not":[37],"studied.":[39],"The":[40],"goals":[41],"this":[43,329],"research":[44,330],"were":[45,76,107,126,188,277,294],"to":[46,221,265,296],"examine":[47],"correlates":[48,73],"hip":[50,119,174,218,308],"bone":[51,58,184,244,291,309],"mineral":[52],"density":[53],"(BMD)":[54],"rates":[56,182,242,289,306],"loss":[59,185,245,292],"among":[60,190,260,281,339],"persons":[61,320],"African":[63,195,212,269,285,300,322],"ancestry":[64],"in":[65,118,173,181,233,241,341],"three":[66],"complementary":[67],"analyses.":[68],"In":[69],"first":[71],"analysis,":[72],"BMD":[75,85,125,137,151,206,219,253,276],"identified":[77,128],"for":[78,129,229,250,268,319],"1,784":[79],"Tobagonian":[80,132],"males,":[81],"aged":[82,134,200],"40-84":[83],"years.":[84,136,202],"was":[86,138,152,207,254],"inversely":[87,153],"age,":[90,156],"height,":[91],"history":[93,160],"a":[95,102,336],"broken":[96],"bone.":[97],"Lean":[98],"mass,":[99],"working":[100],"on":[101],"fishing":[103],"boat,":[104],"diabetes":[106],"positively":[108,139],"BMD.":[111],"Correlates":[112,165,274],"explained":[113,166,238],"25%":[114],"variability":[117,172,240],"femoral":[121,176],"neck":[122,177],"BMD.Correlates":[123],"also":[127],"340":[130],"postmenopausal":[131],"females,":[133,199,298],"50-94":[135],"weight,":[142,247],"thiazide":[143],"diuretics,":[144],"aspirin,":[145],"recent":[146],"back":[147],"pain,":[148],"diabetes.":[150],"thyroid":[157],"medication,":[158],"family":[159],"fracture,":[162],"beta-blockers.":[164],"37%":[167],"-":[168],"38%":[169],"BMD.Lastly,":[178],"within":[186],"investigated":[189],"457":[191],"Caucasian":[192,222,297],"121":[194],"American":[196,213,270,286,301],"males":[197,214,223,271,302],"65-87":[201],"Baseline":[203],"follow-up":[205],"measured":[208],"four":[209],"years":[210],"apart.":[211],"lost":[215],"significantly":[216,304],"less":[217],"compared":[220,264],"(-0.04%":[224],"vs.":[225],"-0.45%),":[226],"after":[227,248],"adjusting":[228],"covariates.":[230],"Longitudinal":[231],"changes":[232],"lean":[234],"fat":[236],"mass":[237],"more":[239],"than":[246],"adjustment":[249],"covariates.In":[251],"conclusion,":[252],"approximately":[255],"one":[256],"standard":[257],"deviation":[258],"higher":[259],"Tobagonians,":[261],"despite":[262],"gender,":[263],"NHANES":[266],"data":[267],"females.":[273],"similar":[278],"across":[279],"Tobagonians.":[282],"Interestingly,":[283],"older":[284],"females":[287],"had":[288],"comparable":[295],"while":[299],"experienced":[303],"lower":[305],"loss.":[310],"With":[311],"our":[312],"aging":[313],"society":[314],"longer":[316],"life":[317],"expectancies":[318],"ancestry,":[323],"significance":[327],"may":[334],"have":[335],"greater":[337],"impact":[338],"minorities":[340],"future.":[343]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}