{"id":"https://openalex.org/W13055000","doi":null,"title":"A comparative study between white and black women entrepreneurs in selected areas in South Africa","display_name":"A comparative study between white and black women entrepreneurs in selected areas in South Africa","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W13055000","mag":"13055000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.nwu.ac.za:10394/7298","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7298","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7298","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7298","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035716831","display_name":"Carol Mantwa Rasego","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carol Mantwa Rasego","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035716831"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12693","display_name":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10987","display_name":"Microfinance and Financial Inclusion","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-entrepreneurs","display_name":"women entrepreneurs","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-women-entrepreneurs","display_name":"Black women entrepreneurs","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurial-motivation","display_name":"entrepreneurial motivation","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-credit","display_name":"access to credit","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-support","display_name":"business support","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barriers-to-entrepreneurship","display_name":"barriers to entrepreneurship","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-business-growth","display_name":"small business growth","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soweto","display_name":"Soweto","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.7204581499099731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5356015563011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991854812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5442755","display_name":"Women entrepreneurs","level":3,"score":0.5085746049880981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.453665554523468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2696352005004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.23297053575515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.2076604664325714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.055396467447280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.nwu.ac.za:10394/7298","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7298","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7298","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:13055000","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.nwu.ac.za/handle/10394/7298","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.nwu.ac.za:10394/7298","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7298","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7298","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402268","display_name":"Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.9211000204086304},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.8974000215530396},{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.7307999730110168},{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.41670000553131104}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W13055000.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W13055000.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73964511","https://openalex.org/W165325569","https://openalex.org/W410015248","https://openalex.org/W1529524735","https://openalex.org/W1569020331","https://openalex.org/W1573234480","https://openalex.org/W1598127442","https://openalex.org/W1974539853","https://openalex.org/W1990149973","https://openalex.org/W2002787733","https://openalex.org/W2016981279","https://openalex.org/W2023286583","https://openalex.org/W2032673140","https://openalex.org/W2034438901","https://openalex.org/W2037557484","https://openalex.org/W2039298878","https://openalex.org/W2068086264","https://openalex.org/W2096260007","https://openalex.org/W2098282247","https://openalex.org/W2112638391","https://openalex.org/W2117012826","https://openalex.org/W2121197510","https://openalex.org/W2122553534","https://openalex.org/W2168487237","https://openalex.org/W2187508656","https://openalex.org/W2189317954","https://openalex.org/W2224998614","https://openalex.org/W2234736917","https://openalex.org/W2273380607","https://openalex.org/W2324025389","https://openalex.org/W3044037815","https://openalex.org/W3145545510","https://openalex.org/W3146501598"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3092538505","https://openalex.org/W2224998614","https://openalex.org/W3186717493","https://openalex.org/W2234736917","https://openalex.org/W1998248412","https://openalex.org/W2469745306","https://openalex.org/W3118175586","https://openalex.org/W4404962095","https://openalex.org/W2791751229","https://openalex.org/W1584956949"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Worldwide,":[0],"entrepreneurship":[1,47,183,311],"is":[2,73,103,230,238,250,264],"seen":[3],"as":[4,121,136,138,153,286,307],"one":[5,244],"of":[6,19,25,51,69,81,117,157,191,243,257,273,288,301,325],"the":[7,23,49,58,70,79,85,88,107,124,158,169,185,204,210,215,232,321],"most":[8],"important":[9],"solutions":[10],"to":[11,32,41,77,123,132,161,175,179,235,245,276,290,295,318],"unemployment,":[12],"poverty":[13],"and":[14,22,48,87,119,127,151,164,171,174,194,214,259,293,320,323,332,344],"low":[15],"economic":[16],"growth.The":[17],"creation":[18],"new":[20],"ventures":[21],"growth":[24],"existing":[26],"businesses":[27,111,135],"are":[28,112,281],"vital":[29],"contributing":[30],"factors":[31,202],"any":[33],"economy.Women":[34],"outnumber":[35],"male":[36,139],"entrepreneurs,":[37],"which":[38,91],"have":[39,143],"led":[40],"a":[42,144,189,218,222,260,313],"renewed":[43],"focus":[44],"on":[45,342],"gender":[46],"development":[50],"appropriate":[52],"interventions":[53],"for":[54,206,217],"gender-specific":[55],"groups":[56],"across":[57],"globe.In":[59],"South":[60],"Africa,":[61],"women":[62,82,142,166,182,196,279,309,326,337],"make":[63],"up":[64],"just":[65],"less":[66],"than":[67],"50%":[68],"entrepreneurial":[71],"population.There":[72],"therefore,":[74],"considerable":[75],"scope":[76],"improve":[78],"number":[80],"entrepreneurs":[83,130,140,167,197,280],"in":[84,95,106,115,147,168,184,209,227,310],"economy":[86],"level":[89,256],"at":[90,312],"they":[92],"operate.Literature":[93],"review":[94],"this":[96,228],"study":[97,159,187,229,303],"highlighted":[98],"that":[99,198],"female":[100],"business":[101,154,263,296],"ownership":[102],"concentrated":[104],"primarily":[105],"service":[108],"industries":[109],"where":[110],"relatively":[113],"smaller":[114],"terms":[116],"employment":[118],"revenue,":[120],"opposed":[122],"technology,":[125],"construction":[126],"manufacturing":[128],"sectors.Women":[129],"want":[131],"expand":[133],"their":[134,346],"much":[137],"but":[141],"hard":[145],"time":[146],"obtaining":[148],"external":[149],"financing":[150],"credibility":[152],"owners.The":[155],"objective":[156],"was":[160],"explore":[162],"white":[163,195],"black":[165,193],"Carletonville":[170],"Soweto":[172],"areas":[173],"provide":[176],"practical":[177],"recommendations":[178,305],"ensure":[180],"successful":[181],"country.This":[186],"had":[188],"total":[190],"58":[192],"were":[199],"motivated":[200],"by":[201],"like":[203,329],"need":[205,216],"independence,":[207],"confidence":[208],"product/service":[211],"offered,":[212],"self-fulfillment":[213],"challenge":[219],"into":[220],"owning":[221],"business.A":[223],"typical":[224],"woman":[225,248],"entrepreneur":[226,249],"between":[231],"ages":[233],"40":[234],"59":[236],"years,":[237],"married":[239],"with":[240,253,269,283],"an":[241,254,270],"average":[242],"two":[246],"children.The":[247],"fairly":[251],"educated":[252],"education":[255],"matric":[258],"diploma.But":[261],"her":[262],"micro":[265],"or":[266],"very":[267],"small":[268],"annual":[271],"turnover":[272],"R50":[274],"000":[275],"R500":[277],"000.Participating":[278],"faced":[282],"obstacles":[284],"such":[285,306],"inequality":[287],"access":[289,294,317],"credit,":[291],"awareness":[292],"support,":[297],"risk":[298],"averse,":[299],"lack":[300],"This":[302],"offered":[304],"exposing":[308],"tender":[314],"age,":[315],"increasing":[316],"finance":[319],"establishment":[322],"enhancement":[324],"entrepreneurs'":[327,338],"organisations":[328,339],"SAWEN,":[330],"BWASA,":[331],"SAWIMA":[333],"amongst":[334,349],"iii":[335],"others.The":[336],"should":[340],"embark":[341],"campaigns":[343],"intensify":[345],"marketing":[347],"strategies":[348],"others.":[350]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
