{"id":"https://openalex.org/W130328213","doi":null,"title":"Retinal photic injury in normal and scorbutic monkeys.","display_name":"Retinal photic injury in normal and scorbutic monkeys.","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W130328213","mag":"130328213","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3447341","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1298790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:3447341","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3447341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1298790/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043470840","display_name":"Mark O.M. Tso","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M O Tso","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043470840"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4879,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87004856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"85","issue":null,"first_page":"498","last_page":"556"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13869","display_name":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","score":0.33500000834465027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13869","display_name":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","score":0.33500000834465027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.20919999480247498,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.20900000631809235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-c-deficiency","display_name":"scurvy","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-c","display_name":"vitamin C","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-degeneration","display_name":"retinal degeneration","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-radicals","display_name":"free radicals","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singlet-oxygen","display_name":"singlet oxygen","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superoxide-radicals","display_name":"superoxide","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-peroxide","display_name":"hydrogen peroxide","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydroxyl-radicals","display_name":"hydroxyl radicals","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidants","display_name":"antioxidants","score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoreceptors","display_name":"photoreceptors","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-pigment-epithelium","display_name":"retinal pigment epithelium","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophages","display_name":"macrophages","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-retinal-barrier","display_name":"blood-retinal barrier","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-related-macular-degeneration","display_name":"age-related macular degeneration","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monkeys","display_name":"monkeys","score":0.3449999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.7613118886947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86839594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q579649","display_name":"Photic zone","level":4,"score":0.6999160051345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.6172188520431519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986274086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199678","display_name":"Ascorbic acid","level":2,"score":0.540250301361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4186258912086487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778024200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2346242","display_name":"Retinal pigment epithelium","level":3,"score":0.4174208343029022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.355903685092926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2392188012599945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.09029009938240051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184755","display_name":"Phytoplankton","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001205","descriptor_name":"Ascorbic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001206","descriptor_name":"Ascorbic Acid Deficiency","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001206","descriptor_name":"Ascorbic Acid Deficiency","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001206","descriptor_name":"Ascorbic Acid Deficiency","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008252","descriptor_name":"Macaca fascicularis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010084","descriptor_name":"Oxidation-Reduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012164","descriptor_name":"Retinal Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012164","descriptor_name":"Retinal Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012164","descriptor_name":"Retinal Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:3447341","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3447341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1298790","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1298790/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:130328213","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3447341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1298790","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1298790/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7246000170707703}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1285309","https://openalex.org/W5684781","https://openalex.org/W44020636","https://openalex.org/W52110408","https://openalex.org/W54912843","https://openalex.org/W58106746","https://openalex.org/W59253623","https://openalex.org/W116785906","https://openalex.org/W142308386","https://openalex.org/W160424062","https://openalex.org/W165729185","https://openalex.org/W166588316","https://openalex.org/W184812777","https://openalex.org/W186805528","https://openalex.org/W195304691","https://openalex.org/W195655083","https://openalex.org/W198110843","https://openalex.org/W310193716","https://openalex.org/W1592825584","https://openalex.org/W1688407135","https://openalex.org/W1892541699","https://openalex.org/W1913824527","https://openalex.org/W1917727867","https://openalex.org/W1970226547","https://openalex.org/W1971709307","https://openalex.org/W1972540376","https://openalex.org/W1973583788","https://openalex.org/W1977776099","https://openalex.org/W1978653478","https://openalex.org/W1979055618","https://openalex.org/W1981182593","https://openalex.org/W1981491988","https://openalex.org/W1982654027","https://openalex.org/W1987014088","https://openalex.org/W1988080563","https://openalex.org/W1989270101","https://openalex.org/W1989489605","https://openalex.org/W1996378596","https://openalex.org/W2002782207","https://openalex.org/W2007323804","https://openalex.org/W2007675236","https://openalex.org/W2008432106","https://openalex.org/W2014513835","https://openalex.org/W2016883316","https://openalex.org/W2018954979","https://openalex.org/W2022824941","https://openalex.org/W2022922306","https://openalex.org/W2024607707","https://openalex.org/W2026735889","https://openalex.org/W2030922784","https://openalex.org/W2031946824","https://openalex.org/W2038265951","https://openalex.org/W2039082037","https://openalex.org/W2041137175","https://openalex.org/W2043057652","https://openalex.org/W2047111285","https://openalex.org/W2048270119","https://openalex.org/W2053130428","https://openalex.org/W2053588089","https://openalex.org/W2053710386","https://openalex.org/W2057330109","https://openalex.org/W2058298464","https://openalex.org/W2066349290","https://openalex.org/W2068377676","https://openalex.org/W2068736713","https://openalex.org/W2072524110","https://openalex.org/W2073112337","https://openalex.org/W2073852168","https://openalex.org/W2079333784","https://openalex.org/W2082369404","https://openalex.org/W2085306532","https://openalex.org/W2087594939","https://openalex.org/W2094302526","https://openalex.org/W2101895611","https://openalex.org/W2102747629","https://openalex.org/W2103696198","https://openalex.org/W2115596750","https://openalex.org/W2147440920","https://openalex.org/W2162776967","https://openalex.org/W2162966472","https://openalex.org/W2163516577","https://openalex.org/W2206257506","https://openalex.org/W2217612888","https://openalex.org/W2317428528","https://openalex.org/W2408961477","https://openalex.org/W2424773584","https://openalex.org/W4317929365"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W160424062","https://openalex.org/W2007675236","https://openalex.org/W2068377676","https://openalex.org/W89593116","https://openalex.org/W1486155398","https://openalex.org/W2016952561","https://openalex.org/W2010619642","https://openalex.org/W195304691","https://openalex.org/W2784244460","https://openalex.org/W2440275207"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mild":[0],"and":[1,19,37,39,78,91,97,119,163,169,232,248,257,267,356,379],"severe":[2,71,92,126,389],"retinal":[3,28,81,143,179,211,273,308],"photic":[4,48,93,113,127,144,180,212,326,345],"injuries":[5],"were":[6,30],"inflicted":[7],"on":[8,147],"22":[9],"eyes":[10],"of":[11,53,87,103,174,191,206,295,317,353,388],"seven":[12],"monkeys":[13,21],"fed":[14],"a":[15,23,100,224,249,368,382],"vitamin":[16,24],"C-deficient":[17],"diet":[18],"four":[20,85],"given":[22],"C-enriched":[25],"diet.":[26],"The":[27,107,196,299],"lesions":[29],"studied":[31],"by":[32,139],"fundus":[33],"examination,":[34],"fluorescein":[35],"angiography,":[36],"light":[38],"electron":[40],"microscopy.":[41],"While":[42],"the":[43,51,63,84,116,120,130,136,157,188,194,202,229,241,245,264,281,296,354,358,386],"general":[44],"cellular":[45],"response":[46],"to":[47,68,201,270,303,340,344,371],"injury":[49,94,114,128,145,213],"in":[50,62,95,115,129,156,178,193,210,223,280,306,314,376],"retina":[52,359],"scorbutic":[54,98,131],"animals":[55],"was":[56,105],"not":[57,380],"different":[58],"qualitatively":[59],"from":[60,111,125,240,323],"that":[61,135,199,227,313],"normal":[64,96,117],"animals,":[65,99,118],"scurvy":[66],"appeared":[67],"cause":[69,271],"more":[70,79],"tissue":[72],"damage,":[73],"an":[74,154,185],"exaggerated":[75],"repair":[76],"response,":[77],"advanced":[80],"degeneration.":[82,309],"In":[83,216,235,275],"groups":[86],"eyes,":[88],"representing":[89],"mild":[90,112,325],"continuous":[101],"spectrum":[102],"changes":[104,208],"produced.":[106],"least":[108],"damage":[109],"occurred":[110],"most":[121],"detrimental":[122],"insult":[123,327],"resulted":[124],"animals.":[132],"We":[133],"propose":[134],"basic":[137],"mechanism":[138],"which":[140,175,338],"ascorbate":[141,192,348],"mitigates":[142],"depends":[146],"its":[148],"redox":[149],"properties.":[150],"Ascorbate":[151],"functions":[152,352],"as":[153,285,287,367,381],"antioxidant":[155],"retina.":[158,195],"It":[159,310],"scavenges":[160],"superoxide":[161,253],"radicals":[162,262],"hydroxyl":[164,258],"radicals,":[165,254],"quenches":[166],"singlet":[167],"oxygen,":[168],"reduces":[170],"hydrogen":[171,255],"peroxide,":[172,256],"all":[173],"are":[176,214],"formed":[177],"injury.":[181,346],"This":[182],"hypothesis":[183],"provides":[184],"explanation":[186],"for":[187,284,385],"high":[189],"level":[190],"pathogenetic":[197],"mechanisms":[198],"correspond":[200],"three":[203],"distinct":[204],"phases":[205],"pathologic":[207],"observed":[209],"characterized.":[215],"phase":[217,236,276],"1,":[218],"single":[219],"oxygen":[220],"is":[221,311],"generated":[222],"photodynamic":[225],"reaction":[226,251,301],"damages":[228],"photoreceptor":[230,265],"elements":[231],"pigment":[233,268],"epithelium.":[234],"2,":[237],"macrophages":[238,278],"attracted":[239],"systemic":[242],"circulation":[243],"invade":[244],"subretinal":[246,282],"space,":[247],"photo-oxidative":[250,300,361],"generates":[252],"radicals.":[259],"These":[260],"free":[261],"attack":[263],"cells":[266],"epithelium":[269],"further":[272],"damage.":[274],"3,":[277],"remain":[279],"space":[283],"long":[286],"8":[288],"months":[289],"after":[290],"injury,":[291,362],"causing":[292],"persistent":[293],"disruption":[294],"blood-retinal":[297],"barrier.":[298],"appears":[302],"linger,":[304],"resulting":[305],"chronic":[307],"hypothesized":[312],"some":[315],"forms":[316],"age-related":[318],"macular":[319],"degeneration,":[320],"patients":[321],"suffer":[322],"repeated":[324],"throughout":[328],"their":[329],"lifetime.":[330],"Aging":[331],"has":[332],"been":[333],"associated":[334],"with":[335],"subclinical":[336],"scurvy,":[337],"leads":[339],"even":[341],"greater":[342],"susceptibility":[343],"Although":[347],"moderates":[349],"many":[350],"biochemical":[351],"body":[355],"helps":[357],"ameliorate":[360],"it":[363],"should":[364],"be":[365],"regarded":[366],"nutritional":[369],"supplement":[370],"maintain":[372],"health":[373],"when":[374],"consumed":[375],"appropriate":[377],"amounts":[378],"therapeutic":[383],"agent":[384],"treatment":[387],"insults.":[390]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
