{"id":"https://openalex.org/W129805722","doi":null,"title":"Are Attitudes and Practices regarding Mainstreaming Changing? a Case of Teachers in Two Rural School Districts","display_name":"Are Attitudes and Practices regarding Mainstreaming Changing? a Case of Teachers in Two Rural School Districts","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W129805722","mag":"129805722"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:129805722","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-78535669/are-attitudes-and-practices-regarding-mainstreaming","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Education","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026475165","display_name":"Yona Leyser","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yona Leyser","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029179273","display_name":"Kara Tappendorf","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kara Tappendorf","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.5825,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":122,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98117316,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"121","issue":"4","first_page":"751","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13131","display_name":"Collaborative Teaching and Inclusion","score":0.7592999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13131","display_name":"Collaborative Teaching and Inclusion","score":0.7592999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12948","display_name":"Inclusion and Disability in Education and Sport","score":0.22190000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.007600000128149986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-education","display_name":"mainstreaming","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-attitudes","display_name":"teacher attitudes","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-practices","display_name":"teacher practices","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inclusive-education","display_name":"inclusive education","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/students-with-disabilities","display_name":"students with disabilities","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-schools","display_name":"rural schools","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/special-education-teachers","display_name":"special education teachers","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-education-teachers","display_name":"general education teachers","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-beliefs","display_name":"teacher beliefs","score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-restrictive-environment","display_name":"least restrictive environment","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-school-districts","display_name":"rural school districts","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-perceptions-of-students","display_name":"teacher perceptions of students","score":0.7609999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154482161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2251268","display_name":"Mainstreaming","level":3,"score":0.8441870808601379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779022470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510342","display_name":"Least restrictive environment","level":4,"score":0.6599791646003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775884135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845436","display_name":"Mandate","level":2,"score":0.6059324741363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28858896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212105","display_name":"Special education","level":2,"score":0.5625787973403931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.5505636930465698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.534827470779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.45752131938934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775969163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130223","display_name":"Griffin","level":2,"score":0.4482915997505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.44389280676841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.36519113183021545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.19475668668746948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.18644475936889648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.17924559116363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12012618780136108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:129805722","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-78535669/are-attitudes-and-practices-regarding-mainstreaming","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Education","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7307999730110168,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7064053101","https://openalex.org/W647176710","https://openalex.org/W1873531776","https://openalex.org/W632616582","https://openalex.org/W1915197889","https://openalex.org/W2219640514","https://openalex.org/W2938233971","https://openalex.org/W7095190587","https://openalex.org/W2611758592","https://openalex.org/W2186453632"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Public":[0],"Law":[1],"94-142,":[2],"the":[3,23,44,57,60,64,73,110,120,126,195,203,217,223,230,366,495],"Education":[4,27],"for":[5,432,561],"All":[6],"Handicapped":[7],"Children":[8],"Act":[9],"(U.S.":[10,20,102],"Congress,":[11,21],"1975),":[12],"and":[13,59,125,209,229,275,339,359,392,497,508,514,551,559],"its":[14],"subsequent":[15],"amendments":[16],"e.g.,":[17],"PL":[18],"105-17":[19],"1997),":[22],"Individuals":[24],"with":[25,33,69,90,237,518,548],"Disabilities":[26],"Act),":[28],"ensure":[29],"that":[30,66,153,213,251,279,292,313,343,356,399,404],"all":[31,67,88],"children":[32,68],"disabilities":[34,70,91,550],"have":[35,281],"access":[36],"to":[37,132,206,287,354,365,394,442,494,536,545],"a":[38,175,191],"free,":[39],"appropriate":[40],"public":[41],"education":[42,75,100,315,532,538],"in":[43,72,98,118,361,450],"least":[45],"restrictive":[46],"environment.":[47],"While":[48],"considerable":[49],"debate":[50],"continues":[51],"regarding":[52],"this":[53],"mandate":[54,112],"identified":[55],"as":[56,458,504,534,542],"mainstreaming":[58,147,220,228,241,258,299,322,362],"inclusion":[61],"principle":[62],"(i.e.,":[63,179,263],"belief":[65],"belong":[71],"regular":[74],"classroom":[76,427],"whether":[77],"or":[78,95,447,455,464,467],"not":[79,440],"they":[80,130,280,429],"meet":[81],"traditional":[82],"curricular":[83],"standards),":[84],"about":[85,146,321],"three-fourths":[86],"of":[87,104,109,128,141,194,219,225,227,234,257,298,368,389,437,500,555],"students":[89,134,547,563],"are":[92,148,552],"currently":[93],"fully":[94],"partially":[96],"integrated":[97],"general":[99,324,537],"classrooms":[101],"Department":[103],"Education,":[105],"1999).":[106],"The":[107],"success":[108],"mainstreaming/inclusion":[111,201],"depends":[113],"on":[114,143,197,222,406],"several":[115,248],"variables,":[116],"including":[117],"particular,":[119],"attitudes":[121,157,199,239,370],"held":[122,317],"by":[123],"teachers":[124,215,253,262,294,302,316,401,424,490,533,539],"quality":[127],"instruction":[129],"offer":[131],"their":[133,407,451],"(Bender,":[135],"Vail,":[136],"&":[137,159,163,169,181,187,265,269,327,332,377,420,471,475,482,486,523,527,566],"Scott,":[138],"1995).":[139],"Results":[140],"studies":[142],"teacher":[144,198,238,345,387],"beliefs":[145],"mixed.":[149],"Some":[150,310],"researchers":[151,249,311],"reported":[152,174,250,291,312],"educators":[154,325],"hold":[155],"nonsupportive":[156],"(Garvar-Pinhas":[158,326],"Pedhazur-Schmelkin,":[160,328],"1989;":[161,329],"Larrivee":[162,264],"Cook,":[164,266],"1979;":[165,267],"Minke,":[166],"Bear,":[167],"Deemer,":[168],"Griffin,":[170],"1996),":[171],"while":[172,272,303,335],"others":[173],"more":[176,282,296,318,543,553],"favorable":[177],"perception":[178],"Duquette":[180],"O'Reilly,":[182],"1988;":[183],"Villa,":[184],"Thousand,":[185],"Meyers,":[186],"Navin,":[188],"1996).":[189],"In":[190,285],"recent":[192],"review":[193],"literature":[196],"toward":[200,240],"between":[202],"years":[204],"1958":[205],"1995,":[207],"Scruggs":[208],"Mastropieri":[210],"(1996)":[211],"concluded":[212],"overall":[214],"support":[216],"concept":[218],"depending":[221],"degree":[224],"intensity":[226],"severity":[231],"level.":[232],"Studies":[233,384],"factors":[235],"associated":[236],"often":[242],"show":[243],"inconsistent":[244],"results.":[245],"For":[246],"example,":[247],"secondary":[252],"were":[254,260,295,363],"less":[255],"supportive":[256,297,509,554],"than":[259,300,323,411],"elementary":[261],"Savage":[268],"Wienke,":[270],"1989);":[271],"Leyser,":[273],"Kapperman,":[274],"Keller":[276],"(1994)":[277],"found":[278,306,342],"positive":[283,319,369],"attitudes.":[284],"regard":[286],"gender,":[288],"Curtis":[289],"(1985)":[290],"female":[293],"male":[301],"Berryman":[304],"(1989)":[305],"no":[307],"gender":[308],"differences.":[309],"special":[314,531],"views":[320],"Whinnery,":[330],"Fuchs,":[331,333,476],"1991)":[334],"Semmel,":[336],"Abernathy,":[337],"Butera,":[338],"Lesar":[340],"(1991)":[341],"both":[344],"groups":[346],"preferred":[347],"pull-out":[348],"programs.":[349],"Most":[350],"authors,":[351],"however,":[352],"tend":[353],"agree":[355],"increased":[357,444],"knowledge":[358],"training":[360],"related":[364,493],"formation":[367],"(Bender":[371],"et":[372,381,570],"al.,":[373,382],"1995;":[374,473],"Bennett,":[375],"Deluca":[376],"Burns,":[378],"1997;":[379],"Leyser":[380],"1994).":[383],"which":[385],"examined":[386],"use":[388],"instructional":[390,557],"practices":[391,403],"adaptations":[393,492,558],"accommodate":[395],"student":[396,512],"diversity":[397],"reveal":[398],"first,":[400],"prefer":[402,491],"focus":[405],"direct":[408],"actions":[409],"rather":[410],"having":[412],"someone":[413],"else":[414],"assume":[415],"responsibility":[416],"(Ellett,":[417,520],"1993;":[418,521],"Myles":[419],"Simpson,":[421],"1989).":[422],"Second,":[423],"report":[425],"using":[426],"accommodations":[428,560],"might":[430],"make":[431],"any":[433],"student.":[434],"These":[435],"types":[436],"modifications":[438],"do":[439],"seem":[441],"require":[443],"time":[445],"expenditure,":[446],"significant":[448],"changes":[449],"usual":[452],"teaching":[453],"practices,":[454],"strategies":[456],"(such":[457],"adapting":[459,465],"materials,":[460],"adjusting":[461],"course":[462],"content,":[463],"scoring":[466],"grading":[468],"criteria)":[469],"(Baker":[470],"Zigmond,":[472],"Fuchs":[474],"1998;":[477],"McIntosh,":[478],"Vaughn,":[479,487,528],"Schumm,":[480],"Haager,":[481],"Lee,":[483],"1994;":[484,568],"Schumm":[485,526],"1991).":[488,529],"Third,":[489],"social":[496],"emotional":[498],"well-being":[499],"mainstreamed":[501],"students,":[502],"such":[503],"providing":[505],"an":[506],"encouraging":[507,511],"atmosphere,":[510],"attempts,":[513],"establishing":[515],"personal":[516],"relationships":[517],"them":[519],"Johnson":[522],"Pugach,":[524],"1990;":[525],"Fourth,":[530],"compared":[535],"perceive":[540],"themselves":[541],"competent":[544],"teach":[546],"mild":[549],"making":[556],"these":[562],"(Blanton,":[564],"Blanton,":[565],"Cross,":[567],"Minke":[569],"al.":[571],"\u2026":[572]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}