{"id":"https://openalex.org/W12956908","doi":null,"title":"Mechanisms of Human Gene Evolution.","display_name":"Mechanisms of Human Gene Evolution.","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W12956908","mag":"12956908"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/57595","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/57595","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/57595","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/57595","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100360045","display_name":"Xiaoxia Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1888-9154","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1888-9154"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxia Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1888-9154","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100360045"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.8163999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.8163999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10421","display_name":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","score":0.052000001072883606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.01940000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-evolution","display_name":"human evolution","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primate-evolution","display_name":"primate evolution","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homeobox-genes","display_name":"homeobox genes","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-selection","display_name":"positive selection","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-chromosome","display_name":"X chromosome","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spermatogenesis","display_name":"spermatogenesis","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-loss","display_name":"gene loss","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bitter-taste-receptors","display_name":"bitter taste receptors","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemoreception","display_name":"chemoreception","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loss-of-function","display_name":"loss of function","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudogenes","display_name":"pseudogenes","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innate-immunity","display_name":"innate immunity","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipopolysaccharide-response","display_name":"lipopolysaccharide response","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-specific-genes","display_name":"human-specific genes","score":0.45899999141693115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.5303101539611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.4895399510860443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.4696005582809448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.44935911893844604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.3801971971988678}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/57595","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/57595","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/57595","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:12956908","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/57595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/57595","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/57595","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/57595","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3699476169","display_name":"Functional genomic approaches to duplicate gene evolution","funder_award_id":"R01GM067030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W12956908.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W12956908.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1959865291","https://openalex.org/W1964272444","https://openalex.org/W1971231926","https://openalex.org/W1974670485","https://openalex.org/W1977464233","https://openalex.org/W1981106016","https://openalex.org/W1981147791","https://openalex.org/W1981397431","https://openalex.org/W1997860697","https://openalex.org/W2003362321","https://openalex.org/W2004184848","https://openalex.org/W2009692755","https://openalex.org/W2011986522","https://openalex.org/W2021804487","https://openalex.org/W2028628443","https://openalex.org/W2035653117","https://openalex.org/W2037055206","https://openalex.org/W2037777185","https://openalex.org/W2041551971","https://openalex.org/W2045391589","https://openalex.org/W2049089966","https://openalex.org/W2053004650","https://openalex.org/W2055543630","https://openalex.org/W2056179629","https://openalex.org/W2063352038","https://openalex.org/W2066036014","https://openalex.org/W2066735040","https://openalex.org/W2077363221","https://openalex.org/W2088028339","https://openalex.org/W2092656687","https://openalex.org/W2094063883","https://openalex.org/W2096005812","https://openalex.org/W2099060512","https://openalex.org/W2102391602","https://openalex.org/W2104743461","https://openalex.org/W2107934935","https://openalex.org/W2110973918","https://openalex.org/W2112704704","https://openalex.org/W2117140740","https://openalex.org/W2119640985","https://openalex.org/W2120981333","https://openalex.org/W2128796515","https://openalex.org/W2134599124","https://openalex.org/W2136177487","https://openalex.org/W2138784194","https://openalex.org/W2140411267","https://openalex.org/W2140784970","https://openalex.org/W2142992633","https://openalex.org/W2144162032","https://openalex.org/W2145228467","https://openalex.org/W2149970733","https://openalex.org/W2155670634","https://openalex.org/W2157149092","https://openalex.org/W2157989885","https://openalex.org/W2171434741","https://openalex.org/W2335129169","https://openalex.org/W2767916014","https://openalex.org/W4243603314"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966803394","https://openalex.org/W7096045673","https://openalex.org/W2150368142","https://openalex.org/W2109338811","https://openalex.org/W2053004650","https://openalex.org/W7098879573","https://openalex.org/W2128606984","https://openalex.org/W7048373633","https://openalex.org/W2099060512","https://openalex.org/W2115094458"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u201cWhat":[0],"makes":[1],"us":[2],"humans?\u201d":[3],"is":[4,77,138],"one":[5],"of":[6,20,31,73,111,124,142,157,171,176,181,195,202,219,240,281,308,318],"the":[7,18,27,65,121,161,169,179,190,277,295,304,312,316,325,337],"most":[8],"fascinating":[9],"questions":[10],"in":[11,105,114,120,160,178,192,207,221,262,321],"evolution.":[12,70,209],"Investigating":[13],"human":[14,37,125,162,182,208,245,322],"genetic":[15,144,274],"variations":[16],"within":[17],"context":[19],"primates":[21],"will":[22],"provide":[23],"valuable":[24],"information":[25],"about":[26],"development":[28],"and":[29,35,42,54,96,103,126,150,174,197,264,306,324,335],"function":[30,177],"important":[32,85,140],"primate":[33,69,127],"features":[34],"unique":[36],"features.":[38],"In":[39,164,250],"Chapter":[40,165,251],"1":[41],"2,":[43],"I":[44,167,253],"conducted":[45],"detailed":[46],"evolutionary":[47,241],"studies":[48],"on":[49,64,100,199,255],"two":[50,66],"homeobox":[51,75,81],"genes,":[52,186],"TGIFLX":[53,95],"ESX1.":[55],"Evolutionary":[56],"analysis":[57,307],"provided":[58,212,272],"evidence":[59,214,275],"for":[60,153,215,314],"positive":[61,112,291],"selection":[62,113],"acting":[63],"genes":[67,76,82,116,159],"during":[68,244],"The":[71,109],"identification":[72,305],"non-conserved":[74],"interesting,":[78],"because":[79,294],"such":[80],"may":[83],"regulate":[84],"developmental":[86],"processes":[87],"that":[88,118,205,276,327],"vary":[89],"among":[90],"relatively":[91],"closely":[92],"related":[93,147],"species.":[94],"ESX1":[97],"are":[98],"located":[99],"X":[101],"chromosome":[102],"involved":[104],"male":[106],"spermatogenesis":[107,129],"process.":[108],"finding":[110,211],"these":[115],"suggests":[117],"even":[119],"recent":[122],"past":[123],"evolution,":[128],"has":[130,231,287],"been":[131,233,288],"subject":[132],"to":[133,148,189,223,235,268],"adaptive":[134,333],"modifications.":[135],"Gene":[136,227],"loss":[137,175,228,329],"an":[139,238],"source":[141],"human-specific":[143,309],"change.":[145],"Genes":[146],"chemoreception":[149],"immunity":[151],"account":[152],"a":[154,257,282],"large":[155],"proportion":[156],"lost":[158],"lineage.":[163],"3,":[166],"reported":[168],"relaxation":[170],"selective":[172],"constraint":[173],"evolution":[180],"bitter":[183],"taste":[184],"receptor":[185],"probably":[187,293],"due":[188],"change":[191],"diet,":[193],"use":[194],"fire,":[196],"reliance":[198],"other":[200,225],"means":[201],"toxin":[203],"avoidance":[204],"emerged":[206],"This":[210],"further":[213],"reduced":[216],"sensory":[217],"capabilities":[218],"humans":[220],"comparison":[222],"many":[224],"mammals.":[226],"or":[229],"pseudogenization":[230],"also":[232],"proposed":[234],"serve":[236],"as":[237],"engine":[239],"change,":[242],"especially":[243],"origins":[246],"(the":[247],"\u201cless-is-more\u201d":[248],"hypothesis).":[249],"4,":[252],"focused":[254],"CASPASE12,":[256],"cysteinyl":[258],"aspartate":[259],"proteinase":[260],"participating":[261],"inflammatory":[263],"innate":[265],"immune":[266],"response":[267],"endotoxins.":[269],"My":[270],"results":[271],"population":[273],"nearly":[278],"complete":[279],"fixation":[280],"null":[283,296],"allele":[284,297],"at":[285],"CASPASE12":[286],"driven":[289],"by":[290],"selection,":[292],"confers":[298],"protection":[299],"from":[300],"severe":[301],"sepsis.":[302],"Furthermore,":[303],"pseudogenes":[310],"open":[311],"door":[313],"understanding":[315],"roles":[317],"gene":[319,328],"losses":[320],"origins,":[323],"demonstration":[326],"itself":[330],"can":[331],"be":[332],"supports":[334],"extends":[336],"\u2018\u2018less-is-more\u2019\u2019":[338],"hypothesis.":[339]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}