{"id":"https://openalex.org/W129444952","doi":null,"title":"DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EARLY-DEVELOPING AND LATE-DEVELOPING PHONEMES IN PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSING","display_name":"DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EARLY-DEVELOPING AND LATE-DEVELOPING PHONEMES IN PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSING","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W129444952","mag":"129444952"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:d-scholarship.pitt.edu:12046","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/12046/1/mm_dissertation_final_5-11-12.pdf","pdf_url":"https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/12046/1/mm_dissertation_final_5-11-12.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402372","display_name":"D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050646740","display_name":"Michelle W. Moore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3461-6861","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3461-6861"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michelle W. Moore","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3461-6861","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050646740"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.496,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74249786,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.01979999989271164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonword-repetition","display_name":"non-word repetition","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specific-language-impairment","display_name":"specific language impairment","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonological-processing","display_name":"phonological processing","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonword-reading","display_name":"nonword reading","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-decision-task","display_name":"lexical decision","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonological-representation","display_name":"phonological representation","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/articulation","display_name":"articulation","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auditory-perception","display_name":"auditory perception","score":0.5759999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776141515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1274479","display_name":"Repetition (rhetorical device)","level":2,"score":0.6935515999794006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020552372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079090","display_name":"Typically developing","level":3,"score":0.6406413316726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5993227958679199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.5811350345611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148934300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40998","display_name":"Phonology","level":2,"score":0.5331719517707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.514602541923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777395276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775593","display_name":"Specific language impairment","level":2,"score":0.4805189073085785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126398093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2202238","display_name":"Lexical decision task","level":3,"score":0.4629974961280823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.45302388072013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779337067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4800961","display_name":"Articulation (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.43051955103874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99209842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643696","display_name":"Speech perception","level":3,"score":0.4214820861816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.39556482434272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.38083338737487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.36411863565444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3350333571434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21502813696861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.1860758662223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10313698649406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:d-scholarship.pitt.edu:12046","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/12046/1/mm_dissertation_final_5-11-12.pdf","pdf_url":"https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/12046/1/mm_dissertation_final_5-11-12.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402372","display_name":"D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"mag:129444952","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/12046/1/mm_dissertation_final_5%2D11%2D12.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W571735975","https://openalex.org/W583484935","https://openalex.org/W1485243506","https://openalex.org/W1861933605","https://openalex.org/W1965453174","https://openalex.org/W1965508252","https://openalex.org/W1970533835","https://openalex.org/W1972202533","https://openalex.org/W1972502137","https://openalex.org/W1974085964","https://openalex.org/W1977988918","https://openalex.org/W1979122900","https://openalex.org/W1984424636","https://openalex.org/W1986346898","https://openalex.org/W1987202144","https://openalex.org/W1987222701","https://openalex.org/W1988726929","https://openalex.org/W1990360999","https://openalex.org/W1991376338","https://openalex.org/W1993889244","https://openalex.org/W1994893289","https://openalex.org/W1995801881","https://openalex.org/W1996898587","https://openalex.org/W1998648550","https://openalex.org/W1998662048","https://openalex.org/W1999449265","https://openalex.org/W1999593578","https://openalex.org/W2003230822","https://openalex.org/W2004784315","https://openalex.org/W2007739793","https://openalex.org/W2008128310","https://openalex.org/W2012210985","https://openalex.org/W2015578364","https://openalex.org/W2015783295","https://openalex.org/W2018358894","https://openalex.org/W2020770088","https://openalex.org/W2020963834","https://openalex.org/W2020983716","https://openalex.org/W2022845221","https://openalex.org/W2022963108","https://openalex.org/W2025058112","https://openalex.org/W2026389158","https://openalex.org/W2030831236","https://openalex.org/W2031108072","https://openalex.org/W2043680528","https://openalex.org/W2045485954","https://openalex.org/W2049439254","https://openalex.org/W2049826494","https://openalex.org/W2050786323","https://openalex.org/W2052755283","https://openalex.org/W2056831274","https://openalex.org/W2057748516","https://openalex.org/W2057939421","https://openalex.org/W2059142850","https://openalex.org/W2060169287","https://openalex.org/W2060714125","https://openalex.org/W2060890119","https://openalex.org/W2061344509","https://openalex.org/W2062850627","https://openalex.org/W2064076979","https://openalex.org/W2064784173","https://openalex.org/W2066555346","https://openalex.org/W2068715099","https://openalex.org/W2075864665","https://openalex.org/W2082541770","https://openalex.org/W2094790441","https://openalex.org/W2096104723","https://openalex.org/W2103701304","https://openalex.org/W2108294118","https://openalex.org/W2115418675","https://openalex.org/W2116025227","https://openalex.org/W2120440621","https://openalex.org/W2125297759","https://openalex.org/W2126032212","https://openalex.org/W2131870041","https://openalex.org/W2133488619","https://openalex.org/W2134906192","https://openalex.org/W2137528963","https://openalex.org/W2143320833","https://openalex.org/W2146336538","https://openalex.org/W2152824855","https://openalex.org/W2157147856","https://openalex.org/W2160300411","https://openalex.org/W2161070585","https://openalex.org/W2168979204","https://openalex.org/W2170832624","https://openalex.org/W2172145194","https://openalex.org/W2493319707","https://openalex.org/W2493819445","https://openalex.org/W2768788974","https://openalex.org/W2908198382","https://openalex.org/W2973314835"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061344509","https://openalex.org/W2071124336","https://openalex.org/W1972502137","https://openalex.org/W1775752979","https://openalex.org/W2116442436","https://openalex.org/W7212119227","https://openalex.org/W2406844285","https://openalex.org/W2065728882","https://openalex.org/W2160300411","https://openalex.org/W1987141306"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Theoretical":[0],"accounts":[1,320],"of":[2,14,53,79,83,129,153,216,277,286,308,321],"communication":[3],"disorders":[4],"often":[5],"hinge":[6],"on":[7,41,206,227,261],"tasks":[8,84,125,309],"with":[9,24,163,179,185,247,327],"various":[10],"confounds.":[11],"The":[12,264,302],"aim":[13],"this":[15,306],"study":[16],"was":[17,47,59,148],"to":[18,61,87,343],"challenge":[19],"the":[20,130,145,198,243,269,275,278,284,294,318],"assumption":[21,46,244],"that":[22,58,202,245,268,281,314,323,336],"children":[23,246],"specific":[25],"language":[26],"impairment":[27],"(SLI)":[28],"have":[29,249,324],"deficits":[30,250,322,335],"in":[31,64,126,150,193,240,251,274,346],"phonological":[32,102,217,252,279,347],"memory":[33,103,218,253],"storage":[34,104,219,254],"capacity":[35,220,255],"solely":[36],"because":[37,257],"they":[38,258],"perform":[39,259],"poorly":[40,260],"nonword":[42,65,117,119,169,203,223,262],"repetition":[43,66,204,224],"tasks.":[44],"This":[45,239],"tested":[48],"using":[49],"a":[50,75,81,214],"novel":[51],"contrast":[52,147,271],"early-":[54],"and":[55,106,121,136,159,164,171,209,236,332],"late-developing":[56],"phonemes":[57,135,181],"predicted":[60],"elicit":[62],"differences":[63,94,192,273,295],"performance":[67,225,345],"even":[68],"after":[69,98],"controlling":[70],"for":[71,177,183,293],"confounding":[72],"factors.":[73],"Using":[74],"differential":[76],"diagnosis":[77],"model":[78],"testing,":[80],"variety":[82],"were":[85,109,174,190],"administered":[86],"determine":[88],"if":[89],"early":[90],"vs.":[91],"late":[92],"phoneme":[93,287],"(ELP)":[95],"would":[96],"persist":[97],"auditory":[99,122,158,231],"perceptual,":[100],"articulatory,":[101],"capacity,":[105],"lexical":[107,123,161,237],"demands":[108],"minimized.":[110],"In":[111,142],"Study":[112,143],"1,":[113],"30":[114],"undergraduates":[115,155],"completed":[116,157],"repetition,":[118],"reading,":[120],"decision":[124,162],"which":[127],"half":[128,137],"stimuli":[131],"contained":[132,138],"only":[133,139],"early-developing":[134,186],"later-developing":[140,180],"phonemes.":[141],"2,":[144],"ELP":[146,270,303],"examined":[149],"another":[151],"group":[152],"20":[154],"who":[156],"visual":[160],"without":[165],"concurrent":[166],"articulation.":[167],"Both":[168],"accuracy":[170],"word-nonword":[172],"discriminability":[173],"consistently":[175],"lower":[176],"items":[178],"than":[182],"those":[184],"phonemes,":[187],"but":[188],"there":[189],"no":[191],"response":[194],"times.":[195],"Results":[196],"support":[197],"growing":[199],"literature":[200],"suggesting":[201],"relies":[205],"multiple":[207],"processes":[208],"cannot":[210],"be":[211],"used":[212],"as":[213,330],"measure":[215],"alone.":[221],"Additionally,":[222],"draws":[226],"skills":[228],"apart":[229],"from":[230,283],"perceptual":[232,331],"demands,":[233,235],"articulatory":[234,300],"knowledge.":[238],"turn":[241],"challenges":[242],"SLI":[248],"simply":[256],"repetition.":[263],"results":[265],"may":[266,337],"suggest":[267],"reflects":[272],"quality":[276],"representations":[280],"derive":[282],"timing":[285],"acquisition,":[288],"though":[289],"other":[290,299],"possible":[291,312,319],"explanations":[292],"are":[296],"discussed":[297],"(e.g.,":[298],"influences).":[301],"manipulation":[304],"within":[305],"battery":[307],"affords":[310],"many":[311],"outcomes":[313],"might":[315],"adjudicate":[316],"between":[317],"been":[325],"associated":[326],"SLI,":[328],"such":[329],"motor":[333],"speech":[334],"each":[338],"contribute":[339],"independently":[340],"or":[341],"additively":[342],"poor":[344],"processing.":[348]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}