{"id":"https://openalex.org/W128945151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3253-6_16","title":"Innovation in the German Pharmaceutical Industry, 1880 to 1920","display_name":"Innovation in the German Pharmaceutical Industry, 1880 to 1920","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W128945151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3253-6_16","mag":"128945151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3253-6_16","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3253-6_16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3253-6_16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463937","display_name":"Springer eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Chemical Industry in Europe, 1850\u20131914","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2488698917","display_name":"The Chemical Industry in Europe, 1850\u20131914"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wolfgang Wimmer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Wimmer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05780096,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"281","last_page":"291"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.3668999969959259,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.3668999969959259,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.2232999950647354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.10040000081062317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmaceutical-industry","display_name":"pharmaceutical industry","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-innovation","display_name":"industrial innovation","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german-pharmaceutical-industry","display_name":"German pharmaceutical industry","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-pharmacy","display_name":"history of pharmacy","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"advertising","score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-and-development","display_name":"research and development","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrialization","display_name":"industrialization","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-industry","display_name":"chemical industry","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-sector","display_name":"electric utilities","score":0.7699999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.7915602922439575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6715864539146423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779652045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507443","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry","level":2,"score":0.6098922491073608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.5620948076248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5211767554283142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.510137140750885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.41124457120895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.3209904730319977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.09998011589050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09700512886047363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3253-6_16","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3253-6_16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3253-6_16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463937","display_name":"Springer eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Chemical Industry in Europe, 1850\u20131914","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20519891","https://openalex.org/W304849912","https://openalex.org/W1494533934","https://openalex.org/W2017270620","https://openalex.org/W2034385733","https://openalex.org/W2045224571","https://openalex.org/W2097949745","https://openalex.org/W2146498671","https://openalex.org/W2740249252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7027778531","https://openalex.org/W2328166015","https://openalex.org/W2010649021","https://openalex.org/W2469205796","https://openalex.org/W2076892286","https://openalex.org/W2478272833","https://openalex.org/W25105140","https://openalex.org/W2042322925","https://openalex.org/W7100481687","https://openalex.org/W4229335887"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}