{"id":"https://openalex.org/W128192519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21825/rp.v42i2-3.19244","title":"Het gebruik van de voorkeurstem bij de parlementsverkiezingen van 13 juni 1999","display_name":"Het gebruik van de voorkeurstem bij de parlementsverkiezingen van 13 juni 1999","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W128192519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21825/rp.v42i2-3.19244","mag":"128192519"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21825/rp.v42i2-3.19244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21825/rp.v42i2-3.19244","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21825/rp.v42i2-3.19244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221017","display_name":"Res Publica","issn_l":"0486-4700","issn":["0486-4700"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319987","host_organization_name":"Uitgeverij Boom","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Uitgeverij Boom"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Res Publica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015893080","display_name":"Jozef Smits","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jozef Smits","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091829837","display_name":"Bram Wauters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4216-2094","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4216-2094"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bram Wauters","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4216-2094","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.829,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94188237,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"2-3","first_page":"265","last_page":"304"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13291","display_name":"Political Theory and Democracy","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13684","display_name":"Political Dynamics in Latin America","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preferential-voting","display_name":"preferential voting","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/party-lists","display_name":"party lists","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/candidate-selection","display_name":"candidate selection","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vlaams-blok","display_name":"Vlaams Blok","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecolo","display_name":"Ecolo","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-party-sentiment","display_name":"anti-party sentiment","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individualism","display_name":"individualism","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediatization","display_name":"mediatization","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-parliaments","display_name":"regional parliaments","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-parliament-elections","display_name":"European Parliament elections","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/house-of-representatives-elections","display_name":"House of Representatives elections","score":0.5690000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781440851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35749","display_name":"Parliament","level":3,"score":0.8786113858222961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.639556884765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.62687087059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20871130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738441","display_name":"Spoilt vote","level":5,"score":0.5307215452194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5169381499290466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61267812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165370","display_name":"Contingent vote","level":5,"score":0.4938390851020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780343955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333173","display_name":"Surprise","level":2,"score":0.48478764295578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776269092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1611074","display_name":"Residence","level":2,"score":0.4817762076854706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177324205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2540376","display_name":"Voting behavior","level":4,"score":0.4698787033557892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.434872567653656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.39046335220336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143838007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5611276","display_name":"Group voting ticket","level":4,"score":0.35496985912323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2168157994747162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.19030824303627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.16441938281059265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21825/rp.v42i2-3.19244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21825/rp.v42i2-3.19244","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21825/rp.v42i2-3.19244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221017","display_name":"Res Publica","issn_l":"0486-4700","issn":["0486-4700"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319987","host_organization_name":"Uitgeverij Boom","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Uitgeverij Boom"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Res Publica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.5553/rp/048647002000042002265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5553/rp/048647002000042002265","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5553/rp/048647002000042002265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221017","display_name":"Res Publica","issn_l":"0486-4700","issn":["0486-4700"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319987","host_organization_name":"Uitgeverij Boom","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Uitgeverij Boom"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Res Publica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/695465","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/695465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Res Publica: Tijdschrift voor Politologie, vol. 42 (2), (265-304)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47620001435279846,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535470246","https://openalex.org/W3178906209","https://openalex.org/W3182479883","https://openalex.org/W3178020130","https://openalex.org/W8477297","https://openalex.org/W3181614960","https://openalex.org/W1485912217","https://openalex.org/W4300917961","https://openalex.org/W3179304889","https://openalex.org/W4302341579"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"13":[1],"June":[2],"1999,":[3],"elections":[4,35,253],"for":[5,56,75,103,230,251],"the":[6,9,19,39,51,64,80,154,181,187,206,211,218,231,234,271,276,279,283],"regional":[7],"Parliaments,":[8],"federal":[10],"Parliament":[11,21],"(both":[12],"House":[13],"of":[14,27,50,153,180,186,201,220,278],"Representatives":[15],"and":[16,18,123,128,136,167,185,191,210,233,260],"Senate)":[17],"European":[20,235],"were":[22,118,174],"held":[23],"in":[24,43,108,224,227,269,273,286],"Belgium.The":[25],"percentage":[26],"voters":[28,62,179,200],"casting":[29],"a":[30,68,73,96,112,142,241,262],"preferential":[31,70,97,109,146,155,197,242,267,274],"vote":[32,71,74,100,156,243],"at":[33],"these":[34,149,252],"increased":[36],"again,":[37],"reaching":[38],"highest":[40],"score":[41],"ever":[42],"Belgian":[44],"history.":[45],"On":[46],"average,":[47],"60,9":[48],"%":[49],"electorate":[52],"expressed":[53],"their":[54],"preference":[55],"one":[57,159,169],"or":[58,291],"more":[59,237],"candidates.":[60],"Although":[61],"have":[63,140,204],"possibility":[65,86],"to":[66,139,161,165,171,255],"cast":[67,95,195,240],"multiple":[69],"(i.e.":[72],"several":[76],"candidates":[77],"figuring":[78],"on":[79,101,124],"same":[81],"party":[82,170,284],"list)":[83],",":[84],"this":[85],"is":[87,217],"not":[88],"used":[89,250],"very":[90,257,265],"much.":[91],"A":[92],"voter":[93],"who":[94,193],"vote,":[98],"only":[99],"average":[102],"1,73":[104],"candidates.The":[105],"further":[106],"increase":[107,272],"votes":[110,198,268],"was":[111,294],"little":[113],"surprise":[114],"since":[115],"strong":[116],"limitations":[117],"imposed":[119],"upon":[120,145],"campaign":[121],"expenditures":[122],"commercial":[125],"affichage.":[126],"Political":[127],"social":[129],"evolutions,":[130],"such":[131],"as":[132,261],"individualism,":[133],"anti-party":[134],"feelings":[135],"mediatisation":[137],"seem":[138,254],"had":[141],"stronger":[143],"impact":[144],"voting":[147,223],"than":[148,199,244],"material":[150],"limitations.The":[151],"use":[152],"varies":[157],"from":[158,163,168],"constituency":[160],"another,":[162],"Flemings":[164,238],"Walloons,":[166],"another.":[172],"There":[173],"some":[175,225],"notable":[176],"evolutions.":[177],"The":[178,247],"extreme-right":[182],"Vlaams":[183],"Blok":[184],"green":[188],"parties":[189],"Agalev":[190],"Ecolo,":[192],"traditionally":[194],"less":[196],"other":[202,212],"parties,":[203],"dimished":[205],"gap":[207],"between":[208],"them":[209],"parties.":[213],"Another":[214],"important":[215],"evolution":[216],"decrease":[219],"pref":[221],"erential":[222],"constituencies":[226,249],"Wallonia.":[228],"As":[229],"Senate":[232],"Parliament,":[236],"now":[239],"Walloons":[245],"do.":[246],"large":[248],"attract":[256],"well-known":[258],"politicians":[259],"consequence":[263],"also":[264],"much":[266],"Flanders.Despite":[270],"voting,":[275],"order":[277],"list,":[280],"composed":[281],"by":[282],"remained":[285],"most":[287],"cases":[288],"decisive":[289],"whether":[290],"nota":[292],"candidate":[293],"elected.":[295]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}