{"id":"https://openalex.org/W128106056","doi":null,"title":"Sequential production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in response to live bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin.","display_name":"Sequential production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in response to live bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin.","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W128106056","mag":"128106056","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8567014","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1384048"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:8567014","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8567014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1384048/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048081963","display_name":"Birgitta Sander","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-1340","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-1340"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B Sander","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051571180","display_name":"U Skans\u00e9n-Saphir","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U Skans\u00e9n-Saphir","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077017438","display_name":"Ole Damm","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O Damm","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043652421","display_name":"Leif H\u00e5kansson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L H\u00e5kansson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078542779","display_name":"Jan Andersson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0316-3860","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0316-3860","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7276-8056"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Andersson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078542779","display_name":"Jan Andersson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0316-3860","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0316-3860","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7276-8056"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U Andersson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.3981,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":101,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97529969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"86","issue":"4","first_page":"512","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.8852999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.8852999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.04820000007748604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13410","display_name":"Immune responses and vaccinations","score":0.03869999945163727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/th1-th2-balance","display_name":"Th1/Th2 balance","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bcg","display_name":"BCG","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacterium-bovis-bcg","display_name":"Mycobacterium bovis BCG","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-gamma","display_name":"interferon-gamma","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/th2-cytokines","display_name":"Th2 cytokines","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokine-kinetics","display_name":"cytokine kinetics","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-mediated-immunity","display_name":"cell-mediated immunity","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacterial-infection-susceptibility","display_name":"mycobacterial infection susceptibility","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peripheral-blood-mononuclear-cells","display_name":"peripheral blood mononuclear cells","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-4","display_name":"IL-4","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-10","display_name":"IL-10","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-necrosis-factor-beta","display_name":"lymphotoxin","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monokines","display_name":"monokines","score":0.5559999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.6518833041191101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.6260716915130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49382859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286498","display_name":"Lymphokine","level":3,"score":0.6183151006698608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.56474369764328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17991360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21173843","display_name":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha","level":2,"score":0.5397471189498901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.5153469443321228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779603739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6470553","display_name":"Monokine","level":4,"score":0.5010843276977539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24741149","display_name":"Interferon gamma","level":3,"score":0.49241411685943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149532602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2409681","display_name":"Interleukin 12","level":4,"score":0.46757179498672485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137061746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736033","display_name":"Peripheral blood mononuclear cell","level":3,"score":0.4296567440032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194908","display_name":"Interleukin","level":3,"score":0.39804306626319885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.22474128007888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154317977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266","display_name":"Cytotoxic T cell","level":3,"score":0.21810203790664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000942","descriptor_name":"Antigens, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005455","descriptor_name":"Fluorescent Antibody Technique","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007378","descriptor_name":"Interleukins","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007700","descriptor_name":"Kinetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009163","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium bovis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012795","descriptor_name":"Sialoglycoproteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014409","descriptor_name":"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015536","descriptor_name":"Down-Regulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016207","descriptor_name":"Cytokines","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018417","descriptor_name":"Th1 Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018418","descriptor_name":"Th2 Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018929","descriptor_name":"Cell Culture Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053590","descriptor_name":"Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:8567014","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8567014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1384048","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1384048/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunology","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:128106056","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8567014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1384048","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1384048/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunology","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9074000120162964}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W121387658","https://openalex.org/W171038488","https://openalex.org/W1503724512","https://openalex.org/W1563735311","https://openalex.org/W1600950965","https://openalex.org/W1800390635","https://openalex.org/W1853083663","https://openalex.org/W1879007902","https://openalex.org/W1888535285","https://openalex.org/W1903461179","https://openalex.org/W1942668068","https://openalex.org/W1985410012","https://openalex.org/W1993051112","https://openalex.org/W1999701898","https://openalex.org/W2004907641","https://openalex.org/W2009957587","https://openalex.org/W2011348984","https://openalex.org/W2020977425","https://openalex.org/W2035072676","https://openalex.org/W2045501910","https://openalex.org/W2048325240","https://openalex.org/W2048597976","https://openalex.org/W2058331779","https://openalex.org/W2075942059","https://openalex.org/W2076171364","https://openalex.org/W2076706420","https://openalex.org/W2080532676","https://openalex.org/W2089262366","https://openalex.org/W2090597226","https://openalex.org/W2092192751","https://openalex.org/W2095351296","https://openalex.org/W2101835477","https://openalex.org/W2109484445","https://openalex.org/W2115292254","https://openalex.org/W2123884323","https://openalex.org/W2130046741","https://openalex.org/W2139535814","https://openalex.org/W2152884319","https://openalex.org/W2159750628","https://openalex.org/W2163294735","https://openalex.org/W2172466148","https://openalex.org/W2191654227","https://openalex.org/W4206163632"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4403984965","https://openalex.org/W2340397656","https://openalex.org/W2017395559","https://openalex.org/W2134990166","https://openalex.org/W2136972646","https://openalex.org/W1990473994","https://openalex.org/W60616968","https://openalex.org/W2135492338","https://openalex.org/W1930233965","https://openalex.org/W1535307867"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Causes":[0],"of":[1,35,98,106,145,185,220,232],"individual":[2],"variation":[3],"in":[4,78,91,201,241,251],"susceptibility":[5],"to":[6,27,53,70,80],"mycobacterial":[7],"diseases":[8],"are":[9],"only":[10],"partly":[11],"understood.":[12],"An":[13],"efficient":[14],"cell-mediated":[15],"immune":[16],"response":[17,42,79,165,209],"is":[18,43],"crucial":[19],"for":[20],"resistance.":[21],"Macrophages":[22],"and":[23,93,96,137,149,170,174,196,213,223],"T":[24,146,150],"cells":[25,85,100,195],"interact":[26],"eliminate":[28],"the":[29,33,75,94,164,202,218,235,252],"mycobacteria,":[30],"partially":[31],"through":[32],"effects":[34],"secreted":[36],"cytokines.":[37,108],"A":[38,142],"vigorous":[39],"anti-bacterial":[40],"inflammatory":[41],"sometimes":[44],"accompanied":[45],"by":[46,103,156,168,239],"severe":[47],"tissue":[48],"damage,":[49],"while":[50,217],"immunosuppression":[51],"leads":[52],"progressive":[54],"infection.":[55],"Here,":[56],"live,":[57],"attenuated":[58],"Mycobacterium":[59],"bovis,":[60],"bacillus":[61],"Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin":[62],"(BCG),":[63],"was":[64,154,166,181,215],"used":[65],"as":[66,234],"a":[67,171,182,207],"model":[68],"antigen":[69],"study":[71],"cytokine":[72,237],"production":[73,144,184],"at":[74,159,204],"single-cell":[76],"level":[77],"mycobacteria.":[81],"Peripheral":[82],"blood":[83],"mononuclear":[84],"from":[86],"healthy":[87,242],"individuals":[88],"were":[89,101,111],"challenged":[90],"vitro":[92],"kinetics":[95],"frequencies":[97],"cytokine-producing":[99],"studied":[102],"immunofluorescent":[104],"visualization":[105],"intracellular":[107],"Fourteen":[109],"cytokines":[110,153,249],"assayed;":[112],"interleukin-1":[113],"alpha":[114],"(IL-1":[115],"alpha),":[116],"IL-1":[117,119],"beta,":[118],"receptor":[120],"antagonist":[121],"(IL-1ra),":[122],"IL-2,":[123],"IL-3,":[124],"IL-4,":[125,211],"IL-5,":[126],"IL-6,":[127],"IL-8,":[128],"IL-10,":[129],"interferon-gamma":[130],"(IFN-gamma),":[131],"tumour":[132],"necrosis":[133],"factor-alpha":[134],"(TNF-alpha),":[135],"TNF-beta":[136,175],"granulocyte-macrophage":[138],"colony-stimulating":[139],"factor":[140],"(GM-CSF).":[141],"sequential":[143],"helper-1":[147],"(Th1)":[148],"helper-2":[151],"(Th2)":[152],"induced":[155,238],"BCG.":[157],"Early,":[158],"days":[160,178,205],"1-2":[161],"after":[162],"stimulation,":[163],"dominated":[167],"monokines":[169,224],"low":[172],"IFN-gamma":[173,233],"production.":[176],"At":[177],"4-5":[179],"there":[180],"marked":[183],"Th1":[186,221],"lymphokines,":[187],"with":[188,210],"approximately":[189],"6%":[190],"IFN-gamma+":[191],"cells,":[192],"4%":[193],"TNF-beta+":[194],"2%":[197],"IL-2+":[198],"cells.":[199],"Late":[200],"reaction,":[203],"10-12,":[206],"Th2":[208,248],"IL-5":[212],"IL-10":[214],"detected,":[216],"synthesis":[219],"lymphokines":[222],"declined.":[225],"Overall,":[226],"our":[227],"results":[228],"provide":[229],"further":[230],"evidence":[231],"major":[236],"mycobacteria":[240],"individuals,":[243],"but":[244],"also":[245],"suggest":[246],"that":[247],"participate":[250],"response.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
