{"id":"https://openalex.org/W127865248","doi":null,"title":"Detecting grammatical errors with treebank-induced, probabilistic parsers","display_name":"Detecting grammatical errors with treebank-induced, probabilistic parsers","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W127865248","mag":"127865248"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doras.dcu.ie:16776","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8290-3849>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401511","display_name":"Dublin City University Open Access Institutional Repository (Dublin City University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I42934936","host_organization_name":"Dublin City University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doras.dcu.ie/16776/1/jw_binder_2012-01-10.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026305513","display_name":"Joachim Wagner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8290-3849","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8290-3849"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joachim Wagner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8290-3849","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026305513"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammatical-error-detection","display_name":"grammatical error detection","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-parsing","display_name":"probabilistic parsing","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar-checking","display_name":"grammar checking","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/part-of-speech-n-grams","display_name":"part-of-speech n-grams","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/british-national-corpus","display_name":"British National Corpus","score":0.5799999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779525943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187300","display_name":"Grammaticality","level":3,"score":0.8804272413253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7868834733963013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7480966448783875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7338359355926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.7242450714111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.6157132983207703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206134035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q811525","display_name":"Treebank","level":3,"score":0.6078082323074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42560504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15419395","display_name":"Top-down parsing","level":3,"score":0.49448204040527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.4725998044013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.4664333164691925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.4487982988357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2282811403274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:doras.dcu.ie:16776","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8290-3849>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401511","display_name":"Dublin City University Open Access Institutional Repository (Dublin City University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I42934936","host_organization_name":"Dublin City University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:http://www.rian.ie/53055/","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doras.dcu.ie/16776/","pdf_url":"https://doras.dcu.ie/16776/1/jw_binder_2012-01-10.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400033","display_name":"Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210144925","host_organization_name":"Technological University Dublin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wagner, Joachim ORCID: 0000-0002-8290-3849 &lt;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8290-3849&gt; (2012) Detecting grammatical errors with treebank-induced, probabilistic parsers. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.","raw_type":"Other"},{"id":"mag:127865248","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.computing.dcu.ie/~jwagner/doc/Wagner_thesisH11.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:http://www.rian.ie/53055/","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doras.dcu.ie/16776/","pdf_url":"https://doras.dcu.ie/16776/1/jw_binder_2012-01-10.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400033","display_name":"Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210144925","host_organization_name":"Technological University Dublin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wagner, Joachim ORCID: 0000-0002-8290-3849 &lt;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8290-3849&gt; (2012) Detecting grammatical errors with treebank-induced, probabilistic parsers. PhD thesis, Dublin City University.","raw_type":"Other"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W127865248.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W127865248.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":215,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4252131","https://openalex.org/W23077562","https://openalex.org/W36364088","https://openalex.org/W48489648","https://openalex.org/W52959812","https://openalex.org/W84046469","https://openalex.org/W84079877","https://openalex.org/W88044417","https://openalex.org/W120549423","https://openalex.org/W121755497","https://openalex.org/W137061674","https://openalex.org/W137829753","https://openalex.org/W145849181","https://openalex.org/W146688011","https://openalex.org/W160473383","https://openalex.org/W193102734","https://openalex.org/W259818177","https://openalex.org/W279308895","https://openalex.org/W285034155","https://openalex.org/W584007149","https://openalex.org/W641331080","https://openalex.org/W1502086103","https://openalex.org/W1505474907","https://openalex.org/W1510546854","https://openalex.org/W1510929985","https://openalex.org/W1522343170","https://openalex.org/W1525160205","https://openalex.org/W1534218608","https://openalex.org/W1535015163","https://openalex.org/W1549285799","https://openalex.org/W1549998098","https://openalex.org/W1550597138","https://openalex.org/W1551104980","https://openalex.org/W1552442874","https://openalex.org/W1552893476","https://openalex.org/W1554352525","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1556311968","https://openalex.org/W1556576865","https://openalex.org/W1559419789","https://openalex.org/W1562911371","https://openalex.org/W1572157822","https://openalex.org/W1572215484","https://openalex.org/W1574661744","https://openalex.org/W1574901103","https://openalex.org/W1581097513","https://openalex.org/W1586073462","https://openalex.org/W1586887050","https://openalex.org/W1587157779","https://openalex.org/W1604070210","https://openalex.org/W1607712230","https://openalex.org/W1631260214","https://openalex.org/W1648417313","https://openalex.org/W1680797894","https://openalex.org/W1682095442","https://openalex.org/W1722351164","https://openalex.org/W1740463855","https://openalex.org/W1754556407","https://openalex.org/W1773482818","https://openalex.org/W1781980207","https://openalex.org/W1918812558","https://openalex.org/W1933935861","https://openalex.org/W1949100357","https://openalex.org/W1964747248","https://openalex.org/W1965897786","https://openalex.org/W1976526581","https://openalex.org/W1979590487","https://openalex.org/W1983728325","https://openalex.org/W1986569439","https://openalex.org/W1990667549","https://openalex.org/W1996161790","https://openalex.org/W1996903695","https://openalex.org/W1999187286","https://openalex.org/W1999347571","https://openalex.org/W2004014581","https://openalex.org/W2010595692","https://openalex.org/W2016871293","https://openalex.org/W2018125211","https://openalex.org/W2021641143","https://openalex.org/W2025233559","https://openalex.org/W2033922434","https://openalex.org/W2034106047","https://openalex.org/W2035955017","https://openalex.org/W2036239181","https://openalex.org/W2038248725","https://openalex.org/W2038721957","https://openalex.org/W2039897223","https://openalex.org/W2041826927","https://openalex.org/W2042258272","https://openalex.org/W2047221353","https://openalex.org/W2047252301","https://openalex.org/W2058941677","https://openalex.org/W2058990565","https://openalex.org/W2060828866","https://openalex.org/W2061693765","https://openalex.org/W2063473970","https://openalex.org/W2068821228","https://openalex.org/W2069699492","https://openalex.org/W2071315630","https://openalex.org/W2073738917","https://openalex.org/W2077313006","https://openalex.org/W2080947873","https://openalex.org/W2083255137","https://openalex.org/W2087165009","https://openalex.org/W2088056535","https://openalex.org/W2092510119","https://openalex.org/W2092654472","https://openalex.org/W2093647425","https://openalex.org/W2096175520","https://openalex.org/W2096217913","https://openalex.org/W2096942889","https://openalex.org/W2097606805","https://openalex.org/W2097978681","https://openalex.org/W2098379588","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2101461018","https://openalex.org/W2102381086","https://openalex.org/W2102534598","https://openalex.org/W2107085272","https://openalex.org/W2107497465","https://openalex.org/W2109431881","https://openalex.org/W2109494378","https://openalex.org/W2113134176","https://openalex.org/W2113687551","https://openalex.org/W2115968643","https://openalex.org/W2116533968","https://openalex.org/W2118569197","https://openalex.org/W2119633152","https://openalex.org/W2119966617","https://openalex.org/W2120973168","https://openalex.org/W2121127625","https://openalex.org/W2121764873","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2123132948","https://openalex.org/W2123269682","https://openalex.org/W2123325748","https://openalex.org/W2123388068","https://openalex.org/W2123504579","https://openalex.org/W2124138515","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2125257468","https://openalex.org/W2125712079","https://openalex.org/W2126920742","https://openalex.org/W2128092251","https://openalex.org/W2129064685","https://openalex.org/W2129227538","https://openalex.org/W2130670943","https://openalex.org/W2131216224","https://openalex.org/W2132726600","https://openalex.org/W2133322356","https://openalex.org/W2133677813","https://openalex.org/W2137115322","https://openalex.org/W2137807925","https://openalex.org/W2138382875","https://openalex.org/W2138761920","https://openalex.org/W2139621418","https://openalex.org/W2143353778","https://openalex.org/W2143458716","https://openalex.org/W2143868493","https://openalex.org/W2146638169","https://openalex.org/W2147302173","https://openalex.org/W2149327368","https://openalex.org/W2149467188","https://openalex.org/W2150824314","https://openalex.org/W2152761983","https://openalex.org/W2154124206","https://openalex.org/W2154210598","https://openalex.org/W2155925704","https://openalex.org/W2156139984","https://openalex.org/W2156202195","https://openalex.org/W2156367800","https://openalex.org/W2156545345","https://openalex.org/W2156999070","https://openalex.org/W2158025800","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2161204834","https://openalex.org/W2161813919","https://openalex.org/W2162211144","https://openalex.org/W2162539697","https://openalex.org/W2162759688","https://openalex.org/W2164732909","https://openalex.org/W2167193140","https://openalex.org/W2168776871","https://openalex.org/W2168820179","https://openalex.org/W2169015522","https://openalex.org/W2177661855","https://openalex.org/W2183056653","https://openalex.org/W2188741930","https://openalex.org/W2249186037","https://openalex.org/W2250258197","https://openalex.org/W2251588259","https://openalex.org/W2251614820","https://openalex.org/W2293948378","https://openalex.org/W2294780307","https://openalex.org/W2317958480","https://openalex.org/W2319701923","https://openalex.org/W2334801970","https://openalex.org/W2334949701","https://openalex.org/W2342782315","https://openalex.org/W2397504626","https://openalex.org/W2399359464","https://openalex.org/W2400296909","https://openalex.org/W2401451642","https://openalex.org/W2477936331","https://openalex.org/W2482757324","https://openalex.org/W2598077883","https://openalex.org/W2785707989","https://openalex.org/W2912934387","https://openalex.org/W2948581340","https://openalex.org/W2987280934","https://openalex.org/W3044574244","https://openalex.org/W3085162807","https://openalex.org/W3194492832","https://openalex.org/W3198021593","https://openalex.org/W7097452425"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7043793240","https://openalex.org/W2167193140","https://openalex.org/W2400296909","https://openalex.org/W1502086103","https://openalex.org/W1534218608","https://openalex.org/W2251588259","https://openalex.org/W7096991018","https://openalex.org/W2018125211","https://openalex.org/W7095989187","https://openalex.org/W7101086267"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today's":[0],"grammar":[1,63],"checkers":[2],"often":[3],"use":[4],"hand-crafted":[5],"rule":[6,16],"systems":[7,17],"that":[8,97,148,264],"define":[9],"acceptable":[10],"language.":[11,27],"The":[12,130,192,223,238,255],"development":[13],"of":[14,89,109,136,139,162,203,233],"such":[15,98],"is":[18,168,175,188,242],"labour-intensive":[19],"and":[20,50,69,127,153,209,212,235,275,286],"has":[21,149],"to":[22,59,71,76,104,169,217,259],"be":[23,60,101,170],"repeated":[24],"for":[25,46,62,85,122],"each":[26],"At":[28,53],"the":[29,87,107,117,137,140,159,173,182,186,201,251,270,283,287],"same":[30],"time,":[31],"grammars":[32,57,99,123],"automatically":[33,105,244],"induced":[34],"from":[35,206,220],"syntactically":[36],"annotated":[37,154],"corpora":[38,211],"(treebanks)":[39],"are":[40,226,257,290],"successfully":[41,102],"employed":[42],"in":[43,200,292],"other":[44],"applications,":[45],"example":[47],"text":[48],"understanding":[49],"machine":[51,294],"translation.":[52],"first":[54],"glance,":[55],"treebank-induced":[56,94],"seem":[58],"unsuitable":[61],"checking":[64],"as":[65,190],"they":[66],"massively":[67],"over-generate":[68],"fail":[70],"reject":[72],"ungrammatical":[73,128,210,221,236,239],"input":[74,111,164],"due":[75],"their":[77],"high":[78],"robustness.":[79],"We":[80],"present":[81],"three":[82,224],"new":[83,288],"methods":[84,285,289],"judging":[86],"grammaticality":[88,108,167],"a":[90,178,214,229,266,293],"sentence":[91,165,187],"with":[92,155],"probabilistic,":[93],"grammars,":[95],"demonstrating":[96],"can":[100],"applied":[103],"judge":[106],"an":[110,134,163],"string.":[112],"Our":[113],"best-performing":[114],"method":[115],"exploits":[116],"differences":[118],"between":[119],"parse":[120,143,156,184,197],"results":[121,256],"trained":[124],"on":[125,228,278],"grammatical":[126,145,208,219,234,248],"treebanks.":[129],"second":[131],"approach":[132,194],"builds":[133],"estimator":[135],"probability":[138,161],"most":[141],"likely":[142],"using":[144],"training":[146],"data":[147],"previously":[150],"been":[151],"parsed":[152,207],"probabilities.":[157],"If":[158],"estimated":[160],"(whose":[166],"judged":[171],"by":[172,177,245],"system)":[174],"higher":[176],"certain":[179],"amount":[180],"than":[181],"actual":[183],"probability,":[185],"flagged":[189],"ungrammatical.":[191],"third":[193],"extracts":[195],"discriminative":[196,268],"tree":[198],"fragments":[199],"form":[202],"CFG":[204],"rules":[205],"trains":[213],"binary":[215],"classifier":[216],"distinguish":[218],"sentences.":[222,237],"approaches":[225],"evaluated":[227],"large":[230],"test":[231,240],"set":[232,241],"generated":[243],"inserting":[246],"common":[247],"errors":[249],"into":[250],"British":[252],"National":[253],"Corpus.":[254],"compared":[258],"two":[260],"traditional":[261],"approaches,":[262],"one":[263,276],"uses":[265],"hand-crafted,":[267],"grammar,":[269],"XLE":[271],"ParGram":[272],"English":[273],"LFG,":[274],"based":[277],"part-of-speech":[279],"n-grams.":[280],"In":[281],"addition,":[282],"baseline":[284],"combined":[291],"learning-based":[295],"framework,":[296],"yielding":[297],"further":[298],"improvements.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
