{"id":"https://openalex.org/W127803060","doi":null,"title":"Formative assessment: raising standards inside the classroom","display_name":"Formative assessment: raising standards inside the classroom","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W127803060","mag":"127803060"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:127803060","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ580558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764989208","display_name":"School science review","issn_l":"0036-6811","issn":["0036-6811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324341408","host_organization_name":"Association for Science Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324341408"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Science Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"School science review","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010095960","display_name":"Paul Black","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7150-4439","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7150-4439"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul Black","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7150-4439","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010095960"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.8743,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9835453,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"80","issue":"291","first_page":"39","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10959","display_name":"Student Assessment and Feedback","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10959","display_name":"Student Assessment and Feedback","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13447","display_name":"Educational and Psychological Assessments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12884","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formative-assessment","display_name":"formative assessment","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classroom-assessment","display_name":"classroom assessment","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-assessment-practices","display_name":"teacher assessment practices","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"academic performance","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-attitudes","display_name":"student attitudes","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-policy","display_name":"education policy","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-education","display_name":"science education","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assessment-effectiveness","display_name":"assessment effectiveness","score":0.3100000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42525527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Formative assessment","level":2,"score":0.9730408191680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780589192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7285140","display_name":"Raising (metalworking)","level":2,"score":0.7618556022644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5216596126556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.48690879344940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.46898823976516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4550217092037201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779097033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Assessment for learning","level":3,"score":0.44516512751579285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.44140541553497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020001037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836575","display_name":"Quality assessment","level":3,"score":0.4324355125427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3855339288711548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018395757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379672","display_name":"Evaluation methods","level":2,"score":0.37824130058288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.23169010877609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11854621767997742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.08376741409301758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:127803060","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ580558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764989208","display_name":"School science review","issn_l":"0036-6811","issn":["0036-6811"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324341408","host_organization_name":"Association for Science Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324341408"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Science Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"School science review","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.975600004196167}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W604857209","https://openalex.org/W1598877982","https://openalex.org/W1967555382","https://openalex.org/W1981735521","https://openalex.org/W1990116646","https://openalex.org/W1992655271","https://openalex.org/W2047174255","https://openalex.org/W2051731237","https://openalex.org/W2068829415","https://openalex.org/W2091568745","https://openalex.org/W2131442425","https://openalex.org/W2154041216","https://openalex.org/W2162070030"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099728160","https://openalex.org/W2131442425","https://openalex.org/W292170170","https://openalex.org/W3120473922","https://openalex.org/W279700881","https://openalex.org/W2054158103","https://openalex.org/W2000296442","https://openalex.org/W2373051445","https://openalex.org/W4400522883","https://openalex.org/W4237670860"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1,115],"draws":[2],"on":[3,118],"a":[4,19,71,81,109,119],"recent":[5],"review":[6],"of":[7,22,32,40,54,86,111],"the":[8,13,23,30,38,52,66,123],"relevant":[9],"literature":[10],"published":[11],"over":[12],"past":[14],"ten":[15],"years.":[16],"It":[17],"gives":[18],"brief":[20],"overview":[21],"evidence,":[24],"both":[25],"quantitative":[26],"and":[27,48,50,104],"qualitative,":[28],"about":[29,37,51],"quality":[31],"teachers'":[33],"classroom":[34,55,106],"assessment":[35,43,56,79,107],"practices,":[36],"effectiveness":[39],"good":[41],"formative":[42,78],"in":[44,62,128],"promoting":[45],"pupils'":[46],"achievements":[47],"attitudes,":[49],"features":[53],"which":[57],"seem":[58],"to":[59,73,99,102],"be":[60],"important":[61],"securing":[63],"effectiveness.":[64],"In":[65],"longer":[67],"term,":[68],"there":[69,94],"is":[70,90,95,116],"need":[72,98],"develop":[74,103],"better":[75],"theories":[76],"for":[77,83],"as":[80,108],"basis":[82],"further":[84],"development":[85],"practice.":[87],"But":[88],"it":[89],"also":[91],"argued":[92],"that":[93],"an":[96],"immediate":[97],"re-frame":[100],"policy":[101],"support":[105],"means":[110],"raising":[112],"standards.":[113],"The":[114],"based":[117],"talk":[120],"given":[121],"at":[122],"ASE":[124],"INSET":[125],"Services":[126],"conference":[127],"1998.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}