{"id":"https://openalex.org/W127660904","doi":null,"title":"Secular trend of earlier onset of menarche with increasing obesity in black and white girls: the Bogalusa Heart Study.","display_name":"Secular trend of earlier onset of menarche with increasing obesity in black and white girls: the Bogalusa Heart Study.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W127660904","mag":"127660904","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10421080"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:10421080","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10421080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethnicity & disease","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047809587","display_name":"Wendy A. Wattigney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8457-4586","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8457-4586"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W A Wattigney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2824, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2824, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103424021","display_name":"Sathanur R. Srinivasan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S R Srinivasan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100344548","display_name":"Wei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1566-7943","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1566-7943","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0978-4249"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031501304","display_name":"Kurt J. Greenlund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-2107","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-2107"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K J Greenlund","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110384165","display_name":"Gerald S Berenson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G S Berenson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1237,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":149,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90882305,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"181","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10960","display_name":"Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10960","display_name":"Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.010499999858438969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12103","display_name":"Cancer Risks and Factors","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/menarche","display_name":"menarche","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-menarche","display_name":"early menarche","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-obesity","display_name":"childhood obesity","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secular-trends","display_name":"secular trends","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adiposity","display_name":"adiposity","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skinfold-thickness","display_name":"skinfold thickness","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-differences","display_name":"racial differences","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-girls","display_name":"Black girls","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-girls","display_name":"white girls","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescent-girls","display_name":"adolescent girls","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk","display_name":"cardiovascular risk","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer-risk","display_name":"breast cancer risk","score":0.7860000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4258228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492514","display_name":"Menarche","level":2,"score":0.884642481803894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.7832740545272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7584196329116821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.6362497806549072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112197492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1763933","display_name":"Secular variation","level":2,"score":0.6279106736183167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.6251078248023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.5450440049171448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4557366967201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3804439604282379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.33782345056533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3271651268005371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001827","descriptor_name":"Body Height","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001835","descriptor_name":"Body Weight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008145","descriptor_name":"Louisiana","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008572","descriptor_name":"Menarche","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012885","descriptor_name":"Skinfold Thickness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016009","descriptor_name":"Chi-Square Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016016","descriptor_name":"Proportional Hazards Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017668","descriptor_name":"Age of Onset","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:10421080","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10421080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethnicity & disease","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"mag:127660904","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10421080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548684779","https://openalex.org/W2135266756","https://openalex.org/W1965013266","https://openalex.org/W2129430472","https://openalex.org/W2053764252","https://openalex.org/W7095571710","https://openalex.org/W2068398590","https://openalex.org/W2770090542","https://openalex.org/W2033001052","https://openalex.org/W1976310510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Secular":[0],"trends":[1],"in":[2,13,37,44,51,77,87,102,113,132,159,194,201,215,227],"onset":[3,94,183,207],"of":[4,18,53,81,95,147,157,181,184,190,196,208,231],"menarche":[5,96,138,158,185,209],"and":[6,56,120,167,204,221],"obesity":[7,149,192,232],"were":[8,90,151],"examined":[9,36],"14":[10],"years":[11,144],"apart":[12],"two":[14],"biracial":[15],"(black-white)":[16],"cohorts":[17,161],"girls":[19,67,115,122,131,195],"aged":[20,68],"8":[21],"to":[22,70],"17":[23],"under":[24],"study":[25],"for":[26,164,213],"cardiovascular":[27,219],"risk.":[28],"The":[29,46,93],"first":[30,62,109],"cohort":[31,48,80,105,110,135],"(N=1,190,":[32],"64%":[33],"white)":[34,43],"was":[35,49],"1978-1979,":[38],"the":[39,61,78,103,108,133,155,188,224,228,234],"second":[40,47,79,104,134],"(N=1,164,":[41],"57%":[42],"1992-1994.":[45],"heavier":[50],"terms":[52],"body":[54,202],"weight":[55],"Rohrer":[57],"index":[58],"(weight/height3)":[59],"than":[60,142],"(P<0.001),":[63],"except":[64],"among":[65],"black":[66,114],"12":[69,143],"13":[71],"years.":[72],"Subscapular":[73],"skinfold":[74,89],"thickness":[75],"increased":[76],"all":[82],"ages":[83,140],"(P<0.0001),":[84,111],"while":[85],"increases":[86,200],"triceps":[88],"less":[91],"marked.":[92],"occurred":[97],"at":[98,169],"an":[99],"earlier":[100],"age":[101,156,168],"compared":[106],"with":[107,154],"both":[112,160,197],"(11.4+/-1.3":[116],"vs":[117,124],"12.3+/-1.4":[118],"years)":[119],"white":[121],"(11.5+/-1.3":[123],"12.3+/-1.3":[125],"years).":[126],"Furthermore,":[127],"twice":[128],"as":[129],"many":[130],"had":[136],"reached":[137],"by":[139],"younger":[141],"(P<0.001).":[145],"All":[146],"these":[148],"measures":[150],"significantly":[152],"associated":[153],"(P<0.001)":[162],"adjusting":[163],"height,":[165],"race":[166],"examination.":[170],"These":[171],"results":[172],"suggest":[173],"that":[174],"this":[175],"secular":[176,225],"trend":[177,226],"toward":[178],"increasing":[179,191,229],"frequency":[180],"early":[182,206],"may":[186],"be":[187],"result":[189],"noted":[193],"races.":[198],"Since":[199],"fatness":[203],"related":[205],"are":[210],"risk":[211],"factors":[212],"disorders":[214],"adult":[216],"life":[217],"including":[218],"disease":[220],"breast":[222],"cancer,":[223],"incidence":[230],"throughout":[233],"United":[235],"States":[236],"is":[237],"becoming":[238],"a":[239],"major":[240],"public":[241],"health":[242],"problem.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
