{"id":"https://openalex.org/W127569609","doi":null,"title":"Flaw tolerant bulk and surface nanostructures of biological systems.","display_name":"Flaw tolerant bulk and surface nanostructures of biological systems.","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W127569609","mag":"127569609","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16783945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:16783945","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16783945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mechanics & chemistry of biosystems : MCB","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001073146","display_name":"Huajian Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-846X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-846X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huajian Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021492848","display_name":"Baohua Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0092-6562","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0092-6562"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baohua Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011504360","display_name":"Markus J. Buehler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4173-9659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4173-9659"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus J Buehler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030384081","display_name":"Haimin Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0549-2246","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0549-2246"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haimin Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6152,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92678258,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"37","last_page":"52"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11278","display_name":"Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11278","display_name":"Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10204","display_name":"Microstructure and mechanical properties","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flaw-tolerance","display_name":"flaw tolerance","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-like-materials","display_name":"bone-like materials","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gecko-adhesion","display_name":"gecko adhesion","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-nanostructures","display_name":"hierarchical nanostructures","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture-energy","display_name":"fracture energy","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture-strength","display_name":"fracture strength","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crack-propagation","display_name":"crack propagation","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sacrificial-bonds","display_name":"sacrificial bonds","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-crosslinking","display_name":"calcium crosslinking","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropic-elasticity","display_name":"entropic elasticity","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-absorption","display_name":"energy absorption","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomimetic-materials","display_name":"biomimetic materials","score":0.6129999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7887270450592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.6091525554656982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186187911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093894","display_name":"Nanostructure","level":2,"score":0.6037048101425171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.5880123972892761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97549433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911969","display_name":"Fracture toughness","level":2,"score":0.5784491300582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45206210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2415817","display_name":"Nanoscopic scale","level":2,"score":0.5576136112213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776656632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937837","display_name":"Damage tolerance","level":3,"score":0.5456101298332214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96035792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43606218","display_name":"Shear (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5414971709251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99595764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486802","display_name":"Toughness","level":2,"score":0.5149384140968323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43369102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625","display_name":"Fracture (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4896095395088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.47888416051864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193867417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889814","display_name":"Modulus","level":2,"score":0.45848625898361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32860805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7621121","display_name":"Strain energy release rate","level":3,"score":0.43728533387184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77066764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178674","display_name":"Nanometre","level":2,"score":0.42541244626045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59085676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q957852","display_name":"Fracture mechanics","level":2,"score":0.4237349033355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165062768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145644","display_name":"Biomimetics","level":2,"score":0.4227769076824188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.3948463499546051}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001672","descriptor_name":"Biocompatible Materials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001842","descriptor_name":"Bone and Bones","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003804","descriptor_name":"Dentin","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013499","descriptor_name":"Surface Properties","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D036103","descriptor_name":"Nanotechnology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:16783945","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16783945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mechanics & chemistry of biosystems : MCB","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edoc.mpg.de:149505","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://edoc.mpg.de/149505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922265","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mechanics and Chemistry of Biosystems, v.1, 37-52 (2004)","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_1572669","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0010-2A7E-C","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mechanics and Chemistry of Biosystems","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:3119194719","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.polyu.edu.hk/en/publications/flaw-tolerant-bulk-and-surface-nanostructures-of-biological-syste-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306497149","display_name":"11th International Conference on Fracture 2005, ICF11","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"11th International Conference on Fracture 2005, ICF11","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:127569609","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16783945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485130370","https://openalex.org/W1576753890","https://openalex.org/W1676421722","https://openalex.org/W1970968438","https://openalex.org/W1973548759","https://openalex.org/W1978859898","https://openalex.org/W1980119297","https://openalex.org/W1981308247","https://openalex.org/W1986666447","https://openalex.org/W1987576086","https://openalex.org/W1990834492","https://openalex.org/W1996132746","https://openalex.org/W2012141676","https://openalex.org/W2013445047","https://openalex.org/W2020641822","https://openalex.org/W2021396928","https://openalex.org/W2027879373","https://openalex.org/W2039772156","https://openalex.org/W2039856097","https://openalex.org/W2040957028","https://openalex.org/W2041871464","https://openalex.org/W2044029626","https://openalex.org/W2044420104","https://openalex.org/W2046308738","https://openalex.org/W2047616179","https://openalex.org/W2049361589","https://openalex.org/W2064082791","https://openalex.org/W2066646366","https://openalex.org/W2070692688","https://openalex.org/W2074186492","https://openalex.org/W2074315575","https://openalex.org/W2081588461","https://openalex.org/W2096378472","https://openalex.org/W2105588569","https://openalex.org/W2110649692","https://openalex.org/W2130971715","https://openalex.org/W2132504786","https://openalex.org/W2134932825","https://openalex.org/W2146202010","https://openalex.org/W2482939998"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162333124","https://openalex.org/W7056513315","https://openalex.org/W1972349018","https://openalex.org/W58896163","https://openalex.org/W852748187","https://openalex.org/W2035949567","https://openalex.org/W2024179979","https://openalex.org/W2040957028","https://openalex.org/W2031622778","https://openalex.org/W1558026483"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bone-like":[0],"biological":[1,43],"materials":[2,73],"have":[3,20,59,148],"achieved":[4,116],"superior":[5,48],"mechanical":[6],"properties":[7],"through":[8],"hierarchical":[9,22,446],"composite":[10],"structures":[11,24],"of":[12,55,67,71,78,122,155,175,184,187,201,204,222,244,263,284,331,378,390,429],"mineral":[13,90,188,217,391],"and":[14,17,74,99,145,172,234,267,292,302,322,359],"protein.":[15],"Gecko":[16,104],"many":[18],"insects":[19],"evolved":[21],"surface":[23,76],"to":[25,45,94,105,127,137,151,168,197,226,229,246,273,297,334,362,372,385,398,407,434],"achieve":[26,46,95,106],"extraordinary":[27],"adhesion":[28,108,441],"capabilities.":[29],"We":[30,50,82],"show":[31],"that":[32,52,84,131,336],"the":[33,53,65,68,75,85,89,100,119,123,139,153,170,182,194,199,216,230,235,260,317,324,329,426,444],"nanometer":[34,128],"scale":[35,129],"plays":[36],"a":[37,211,348,374,403,436],"key":[38],"role":[39,438],"in":[40,92,103,239,313,320,352,383,411,439],"allowing":[41,402],"these":[42],"systems":[44],"their":[47],"properties.":[49],"suggest":[51],"principle":[54],"flaw":[56,156],"tolerance":[57,157],"may":[58,286,293],"had":[60],"an":[61],"overarching":[62],"influence":[63],"on":[64],"evolution":[66],"bulk":[69],"nanostructure":[70,77],"bone-like":[72],"gecko-like":[79],"animal":[80],"species.":[81],"demonstrate":[83],"nanoscale":[86],"sizes":[87],"allow":[88],"nanoparticles":[91],"bone":[93,314],"optimum":[96,107],"fracture":[97,173,220,256],"strength":[98,113,395,427],"spatula":[101],"nanoprotrusions":[102],"strength.":[109],"In":[110],"both":[111],"systems,":[112],"optimization":[114,428],"is":[115,178,190,224,396,432],"by":[117,192,209],"restricting":[118,193],"characteristic":[120],"dimension":[121],"basic":[124],"structure":[125],"components":[126],"so":[130],"crack-like":[132],"flaws":[133],"do":[134],"not":[135,294,344],"propagate":[136],"break":[138],"desired":[140],"structural":[141],"link.":[142],"Continuum":[143],"modeling":[144],"atomistic":[146],"simulations":[147],"been":[149,166,207],"conducted":[150],"verify":[152],"concept":[154],"at":[158,443],"nanoscale.":[159],"A":[160],"simple":[161],"tension-shear":[162],"chain":[163],"model":[164,169],"has":[165,206],"developed":[167],"stiffness":[171],"energy":[174,221,257,387,442],"biocomposites.":[176],"It":[177],"found":[179,225,397,433],"that,":[180],"while":[181],"problem":[183,200],"low":[185,202],"toughness":[186],"crystals":[189],"alleviated":[191],"crystal":[195],"size":[196],"nanoscale,":[198],"modulus":[203],"protein":[205,240,264,321,353,357,412],"solved":[208],"adopting":[210],"large":[212,275,349,404],"aspect":[213],"ratio":[214],"for":[215,255,401,423],"platelets.":[218],"The":[219,248,280,340],"biocomposites":[223],"be":[227,295,399,408],"proportional":[228],"effective":[231,236,276,290,350,405],"shear":[232,237,318],"strain":[233,277],"stress":[238,291,319,351,367,382,406],"along":[241,269,323],"its":[242],"path":[243],"deformation":[245,358,379],"fracture.":[247,279],"bioengineered":[249],"mineral-protein":[250],"composites":[251],"are":[252],"ideally":[253],"suited":[254],"dissipation":[258],"as":[259,308,417],"winding":[261],"paths":[262],"domain":[265,300],"unfolding":[266,301],"slipping":[268,361],"protein-mineral":[270,325],"interfaces":[271],"lead":[272],"very":[274,375],"before":[278],"usual":[281],"entropic":[282,332],"elasticity":[283,333],"biopolymers":[285],"involve":[287],"relatively":[288],"small":[289],"able":[296],"ensure":[298],"simultaneous":[299],"interface":[303,360],"slipping.":[304],"Cross-linking":[305],"mechanisms":[306,415],"such":[307,416],"Ca++":[309,418],"induced":[310,419],"sacrificial":[311,341,420],"bonds":[312],"can":[315],"increase":[316],"interface,":[326],"effectively":[327],"converting":[328],"behavior":[330],"one":[335],"resembles":[337],"metal":[338],"plasticity.":[339],"bond":[342],"mechanism":[343],"only":[345],"builds":[346],"up":[347,410],"but":[354],"also":[355],"allows":[356],"occur":[363],"simultaneously":[364],"under":[365,380],"similar":[366],"levels,":[368],"making":[369],"it":[370],"possible":[371],"engineer":[373],"long":[376],"range":[377],"significant":[381],"order":[384],"maximize":[386],"absorption.":[388],"Optimization":[389],"platelets":[392],"near":[393],"theoretical":[394],"crucial":[400],"built":[409],"via":[413],"cross-linking":[414],"bonds.":[421],"Similarly,":[422],"gecko":[424],"adhesion,":[425],"individual":[430],"spatulas":[431],"play":[435],"critical":[437],"enhancing":[440],"higher":[445],"level.":[447]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}