{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1273327458","doi":null,"title":"Network Position and Firm Performance: Organizational Returns to Collaboration in the Biotechnology Industry","display_name":"Network Position and Firm Performance: Organizational Returns to Collaboration in the Biotechnology Industry","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1273327458","mag":"1273327458"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1273327458","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://web.stanford.edu/~woodyp/Rso1.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051910920","display_name":"Walter W. Powell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2319-5815","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2319-5815"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter W. Powell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049093370","display_name":"Kenneth W. Koput","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth W. Koput","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085072569","display_name":"Laurel Smith\u2010Doerr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5162-0491","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5162-0491"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurel Smith\u2010Doerr","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5162-0491","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018437732","display_name":"Jason David Owen-Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8007-1121","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8007-1121"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Owen\u2010Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8007-1121","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Steven Andrews","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4797-4032","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4797-4032"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Andrews","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4797-4032","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086150821","display_name":"David Knoke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Knoke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018225782","display_name":"Charles Kadushin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Kadushin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087078271","display_name":"Arne L. Kalleberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1590-7583","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1590-7583"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arne L. Kalleberg","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.5925,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":278,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98352288,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13402","display_name":"Business Strategy and Innovation","score":0.037300001829862595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-position","display_name":"network position","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-performance","display_name":"firm performance","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interorganizational-networks","display_name":"interorganizational networks","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaboration","display_name":"collaboration","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biotechnology-industry","display_name":"biotechnology industry","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patenting","display_name":"patenting","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-advantage","display_name":"competitive advantage","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-diversity","display_name":"network diversity","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industry-evolution","display_name":"industry evolution","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-learning","display_name":"organizational learning","score":0.5299999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.689397931098938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.6384989619255066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5414159297943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.514879584312439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988224531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20830730","display_name":"Network structure","level":2,"score":0.49048468470573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.4880277216434479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759524","display_name":"Organizational structure","level":2,"score":0.4385855793952942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.34503674507141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.34476953744888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3063385486602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.21083945035934448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.15629887580871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12580639123916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1273327458","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://web.stanford.edu/~woodyp/Rso1.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4943999946117401,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"score":0.48510000109672546,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44180903","https://openalex.org/W151157839","https://openalex.org/W1269869804","https://openalex.org/W1516110797","https://openalex.org/W1516586493","https://openalex.org/W1548886407","https://openalex.org/W1561438477","https://openalex.org/W1569280907","https://openalex.org/W1576328952","https://openalex.org/W1964304794","https://openalex.org/W1970913835","https://openalex.org/W1973459906","https://openalex.org/W1981391042","https://openalex.org/W1982695941","https://openalex.org/W1994695773","https://openalex.org/W1996462434","https://openalex.org/W1997052091","https://openalex.org/W1999216122","https://openalex.org/W2005072774","https://openalex.org/W2005144066","https://openalex.org/W2005185017","https://openalex.org/W2007687973","https://openalex.org/W2008056941","https://openalex.org/W2009751387","https://openalex.org/W2023261025","https://openalex.org/W2027662789","https://openalex.org/W2029335812","https://openalex.org/W2043109127","https://openalex.org/W2043201255","https://openalex.org/W2043994297","https://openalex.org/W2044988780","https://openalex.org/W2048584714","https://openalex.org/W2070996224","https://openalex.org/W2074913925","https://openalex.org/W2076355090","https://openalex.org/W2080476054","https://openalex.org/W2085491458","https://openalex.org/W2087081306","https://openalex.org/W2087391635","https://openalex.org/W2087964979","https://openalex.org/W2091400259","https://openalex.org/W2096710347","https://openalex.org/W2099697360","https://openalex.org/W2101579253","https://openalex.org/W2104325231","https://openalex.org/W2108795964","https://openalex.org/W2109469951","https://openalex.org/W2109689274","https://openalex.org/W2113149628","https://openalex.org/W2113170484","https://openalex.org/W2132031545","https://openalex.org/W2132081716","https://openalex.org/W2162331228","https://openalex.org/W2168621580","https://openalex.org/W2169863569","https://openalex.org/W2179492332","https://openalex.org/W2320400310","https://openalex.org/W2324697077","https://openalex.org/W2326696507","https://openalex.org/W2328674357","https://openalex.org/W2329962987","https://openalex.org/W2495717363","https://openalex.org/W2597254820","https://openalex.org/W2798400381","https://openalex.org/W2892152334","https://openalex.org/W3022339544","https://openalex.org/W3121216328","https://openalex.org/W3121527737","https://openalex.org/W3121537542","https://openalex.org/W3121865524","https://openalex.org/W3123271837"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098203173","https://openalex.org/W2112686573","https://openalex.org/W133791513","https://openalex.org/W1966722798","https://openalex.org/W2785974350","https://openalex.org/W7095909559","https://openalex.org/W368213194","https://openalex.org/W2121831385","https://openalex.org/W7097606322","https://openalex.org/W2578898547"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,76],"examine":[1],"the":[2,26,39,54,61,71,74,95],"relationship":[3],"between":[4,42],"position":[5],"in":[6,25,59,69],"a":[7],"network":[8,43,85],"of":[9,18,34,57,64,73],"relationships":[10],"and":[11,46,68,87],"organizational":[12],"performance.":[13],"Drawing":[14],"on":[15],"ten":[16],"years":[17],"observations":[19],"(1988-1997)":[20],"for":[21],"nearly":[22],"400":[23],"firms":[24,67],"human":[27],"biotechnology":[28],"industry,":[29],"we":[30],"utilize":[31],"three":[32],"types":[33],"panel":[35],"regressions":[36],"to":[37,84,94],"unravel":[38],"complex":[40],"linkages":[41],"structure,":[44],"patenting,":[45],"various":[47],"firm-level":[48],"outcome":[49],"measures.":[50],"Our":[51],"results":[52],"highlight":[53],"critical":[55],"role":[56],"collaboration":[58],"determining":[60],"competitive":[62],"advantage":[63],"individual":[65],"biotech":[66],"driving":[70],"evolution":[72],"industry.":[75],"also":[77],"find":[78],"that":[79,90,97],"there":[80,91],"are":[81,92],"decreasing":[82],"returns":[83],"experience":[86],"diversity,":[88],"suggesting":[89],"limits":[93],"learning":[96],"occurs":[98],"through":[99],"interorganizational":[100],"networks.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
