{"id":"https://openalex.org/W126986762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03391937","title":"Observer Drift: A Drifting Definition","display_name":"Observer Drift: A Drifting Definition","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W126986762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03391937","mag":"126986762","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22478653","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2741874"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf03391937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03391937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03391937","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF03391937.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105089214","display_name":"The Behavior Analyst","issn_l":"0738-6729","issn":["0738-6729","2196-8918"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Behavior Analyst","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF03391937.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"G. A. Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G. A. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Educational Studies, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA","Educational Studies, University of Delaware, Newark, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Studies, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Studies, University of Delaware, Newark, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02867384,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"127","last_page":"128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.0575999990105629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interobserver-agreement","display_name":"interobserver agreement","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer-training","display_name":"observer training","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-confusion","display_name":"conceptual confusion","score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replication-failure","display_name":"replication failure","score":0.32100000977516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7085248231887817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4486701786518097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.42895954847335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4274420142173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3902708888053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3459129333496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10270699858665466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf03391937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03391937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03391937","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF03391937.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105089214","display_name":"The Behavior Analyst","issn_l":"0738-6729","issn":["0738-6729","2196-8918"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Behavior Analyst","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2741874","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2741874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behav Anal","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:22478653","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22478653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Behavior analyst","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf03391937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03391937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03391937","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF03391937.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105089214","display_name":"The Behavior Analyst","issn_l":"0738-6729","issn":["0738-6729","2196-8918"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Behavior Analyst","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.6299999952316284}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W126986762.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W126986762.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980526113","https://openalex.org/W2046205362","https://openalex.org/W2061595614","https://openalex.org/W2126450323","https://openalex.org/W2155990024","https://openalex.org/W4210979591","https://openalex.org/W4231670372","https://openalex.org/W4300794875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4250782895","https://openalex.org/W7204703058","https://openalex.org/W2582970215","https://openalex.org/W1980526113","https://openalex.org/W7095188387","https://openalex.org/W2133235493","https://openalex.org/W7205631043","https://openalex.org/W2894631544","https://openalex.org/W4229932746","https://openalex.org/W2411457832"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
