{"id":"https://openalex.org/W126013497","doi":null,"title":"Age 14 starts a child's increased risk of major knife or gun injury in Washington, DC.","display_name":"Age 14 starts a child's increased risk of major knife or gun injury in Washington, DC.","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W126013497","mag":"126013497","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14977275","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2594957"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2594957","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2594957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2594957","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017132824","display_name":"Howard A. Freed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137853757","display_name":"Howard University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gt1vc06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109892","display_name":"Howard University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01w4jxn67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109892"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Howard A Freed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20060, USA. chipfreed@aol.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20060, USA. chipfreed@aol.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137853757","https://openalex.org/I4210109892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044676280","display_name":"DAVID P. MILZMAN","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3917-7239","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3917-7239"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David P Milzman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108491163","display_name":"Richard W. Holt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard W Holt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007192173","display_name":"Anthony Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9509-6257","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9509-6257"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3471,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64327822,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"96","issue":"2","first_page":"169","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12265","display_name":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12265","display_name":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11824","display_name":"Injury Epidemiology and Prevention","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-violence","display_name":"childhood violence","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firearm-injuries","display_name":"firearm injuries","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stab-wounds","display_name":"stab wounds","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knife-wounds","display_name":"knife injury","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-related-injury-risk","display_name":"age-related injury risk","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-children","display_name":"urban children","score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intentional-injury","display_name":"intentional injury","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crime-trends","display_name":"crime trends","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trauma-registry","display_name":"trauma registry","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/washington-d-c","display_name":"Washington, D.C.","score":0.7559999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7933252453804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780913535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2140674","display_name":"Gunshot wound","level":2,"score":0.7275875806808472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910209844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2140674","display_name":"GUNSHOT INJURY","level":2,"score":0.6839689016342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780110798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2980337","display_name":"Trauma center","level":3,"score":0.6217142939567566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5975404381752014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.558303952217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.511440634727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.5075997114181519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.4955328702926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986834420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5932254","display_name":"Age groups","level":2,"score":0.4868277907371521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.435903400182724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.38878729939460754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.32801949977874756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.3273085355758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.27014732360839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004219","descriptor_name":"District of Columbia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014948","descriptor_name":"Wounds, Gunshot","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014951","descriptor_name":"Wounds, Stab","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017677","descriptor_name":"Age Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2594957","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2594957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:14977275","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14977275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:126013497","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14977275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2594957","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2594957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9789000153541565,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.47620001435279846,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503382787","https://openalex.org/W1948869046","https://openalex.org/W1963611404","https://openalex.org/W1963840636","https://openalex.org/W1971562922","https://openalex.org/W1973118434","https://openalex.org/W1998444524","https://openalex.org/W2001533613","https://openalex.org/W2009341572","https://openalex.org/W2025138371","https://openalex.org/W2034072713","https://openalex.org/W2054320280","https://openalex.org/W2071456925","https://openalex.org/W2076277030","https://openalex.org/W2082309043","https://openalex.org/W2082367120","https://openalex.org/W2098383712","https://openalex.org/W2098844714","https://openalex.org/W2122700814","https://openalex.org/W2162542540","https://openalex.org/W2314630816","https://openalex.org/W4233744053","https://openalex.org/W4236828460","https://openalex.org/W4240160439","https://openalex.org/W4252782976","https://openalex.org/W4301316802","https://openalex.org/W6979130153"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2335350702","https://openalex.org/W1979959664","https://openalex.org/W2077300153","https://openalex.org/W2626310965","https://openalex.org/W4310760344","https://openalex.org/W3038088305","https://openalex.org/W1978233861","https://openalex.org/W1974691974","https://openalex.org/W2047388470","https://openalex.org/W2021843029"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"retrospective":[1],"review":[2],"of":[3,6,31,34,52,62,99,106,110],"eight":[4,101],"years":[5,61,102],"trauma":[7,14,75],"registry":[8],"data":[9,44],"at":[10,20,28,119],"an":[11],"inner-city":[12],"level-1":[13],"center":[15],"was":[16,78],"undertaken":[17],"to":[18,26,70,127],"discover":[19],"what":[21],"age":[22,63,120,131],"urban":[23],"children":[24],"start":[25],"become":[27],"high":[29],"risk":[30,105],"being":[32,107],"victims":[33],"either":[35,53],"a":[36,54,73,79,108,111],"major":[37,74,112],"gunshot":[38,55,113],"wound":[39,56,114],"or":[40,57,64,115],"stabbing.":[41],"We":[42],"reviewed":[43],"from":[45],"2,191":[46],"patients":[47],"who":[48],"were":[49,59],"the":[50,93,100,104,124],"victim":[51,109],"stabbing,":[58],"18":[60],"under,":[65],"and":[66,81,88,123],"met":[67],"pre-established":[68],"criteria":[69],"qualify":[71],"as":[72],"victim.":[76],"There":[77],"rise":[80,128],"subsequent":[82],"fall":[83],"in":[84,97],"both":[85],"overall":[86],"crime":[87],"intentional":[89],"injury":[90],"rates":[91],"during":[92],"eight-year":[94],"period.":[95],"Nevertheless,":[96],"each":[98],"studied,":[103],"stabbing":[116],"rose":[117],"abruptly":[118],"14":[121],"(p<0.01)":[122],"incidence":[125],"continued":[126],"sharply":[129],"through":[130],"18.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}