{"id":"https://openalex.org/W12599985","doi":null,"title":"[Study of the month. The RALES study (randomized aldactone evaluation study].","display_name":"[Study of the month. The RALES study (randomized aldactone evaluation study].","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W12599985","mag":"12599985","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10589274"},"language":"fr","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:10589274","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10589274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Revue medicale de Liege","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058136328","display_name":"HENRI E. KULBERTUS","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","display_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","ror":"https://ror.org/00afp2z80","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H Kulbertus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Service de Cardiologie"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Service de Cardiologie","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058136328"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4814,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65792835,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"9","first_page":"770","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10198","display_name":"Heart Failure Treatment and Management","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10198","display_name":"Heart Failure Treatment and Management","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11839","display_name":"Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension","score":0.006800000090152025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12876","display_name":"Potassium and Related Disorders","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rales-trial","display_name":"RALES trial","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spironolactone","display_name":"spironolactone","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-heart-failure","display_name":"severe heart failure","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/left-ventricular-ejection-fraction","display_name":"left ventricular ejection fraction","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sudden-cardiac-death","display_name":"sudden cardiac death","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperkalemia","display_name":"hyperkalemia","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gynecomastia","display_name":"gynecomastia","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ace-inhibitors","display_name":"ACE inhibitors","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop-diuretics","display_name":"loop diuretics","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digoxin","display_name":"digoxin","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-failure-hospitalization","display_name":"heart failure hospitalization","score":0.6029999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776379505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422188","display_name":"Spironolactone","level":3,"score":0.9616747498512268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8744502067565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778198053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181754","display_name":"Heart failure","level":2,"score":0.7645255923271179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.5934047102928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5820270776748657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78085059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641303","display_name":"Ejection fraction","level":3,"score":0.5678375959396362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777707475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422222","display_name":"Digoxin","level":3,"score":0.5476086735725403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61943457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6046661","display_name":"Interim analysis","level":3,"score":0.48696431517601013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780243291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605259","display_name":"Hyperkalemia","level":2,"score":0.47860854864120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.46675610542297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.455483615398407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993353509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411867","display_name":"Sudden death","level":2,"score":0.4243309199810028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.41693413257598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.37166208028793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000451","descriptor_name":"Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006333","descriptor_name":"Heart Failure","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006333","descriptor_name":"Heart Failure","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013148","descriptor_name":"Spironolactone","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016757","descriptor_name":"Death, Sudden, Cardiac","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018450","descriptor_name":"Disease Progression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:10589274","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10589274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Revue medicale de Liege","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"mag:12599985","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10589274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2323458614","https://openalex.org/W1981738477","https://openalex.org/W2104936965","https://openalex.org/W2027392146","https://openalex.org/W2168317326","https://openalex.org/W2009095638","https://openalex.org/W1993538724","https://openalex.org/W2769696378","https://openalex.org/W2141457529","https://openalex.org/W4391485117"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"RALES":[0],"was":[1,68,75,92,133,187,198],"a":[2,14,33,79,136,155,166],"double-blind":[3],"study":[4,67],"which":[5],"enrolled":[6],"1.663":[7],"patients":[8,45,128],"with":[9,29,207,211],"severe":[10],"heart":[11,148,161,173],"failure":[12,174],"and":[13,56,104,143],"left":[15],"ventricular":[16],"ejection":[17],"fraction":[18],"of":[19,43,53,65,82,113,125,139,144,172,192,202,213],"no":[20],"more":[21],"than":[22],"35":[23],"percent":[24],"who":[25,204],"were":[26,46,95,205],"being":[27],"treated":[28,151,206],"an":[30,86],"angiotensin-converting-enzyme":[31],"inhibitor,":[32],"loop":[34],"diuretic":[35],"and,":[36],"in":[37,99,106,129,169,189,200,215],"most":[38],"cases,":[39],"digoxin.":[40],"A":[41],"total":[42],"822":[44],"randomly":[47],"assigned":[48],"to":[49,58,135],"receive":[50,59],"25":[51],"mg":[52],"spironolactone":[54,91,108,131,153,208],"daily":[55],"841":[57],"placebo.":[60],"The":[61,73,123],"primary":[62],"end":[63],"point":[64],"the":[66,100,107,130,170,178,216],"death":[69,142,145],"from":[70,146],"all":[71],"causes.":[72],"trial":[74],"discontinued":[76],"early":[77],"after":[78],"mean":[80],"follow-up":[81],"24":[83],"months":[84],"because":[85],"interim":[87],"analysis":[88],"determined":[89],"that":[90],"efficacious.":[93],"There":[94],"indeed":[96],"386":[97],"deaths":[98],"placebo":[101,217],"group":[102,109,132,218],"(46%)":[103],"284":[105],"(35%)":[110],"(relative":[111],"risk":[112,138],"death:":[114],"0.70;":[115],"95%":[116],"confidence":[117],"interval,":[118],"0.60-0.82;":[119],"p":[120],"<":[121,220],"0.001).":[122,221],"reduction":[124],"mortality":[126],"among":[127],"attributable":[134],"lower":[137,156],"sudden":[140],"cardiac":[141],"progressive":[147],"failure.":[149],"Patients":[150],"by":[152,177],"had":[154,165],"hospitalization":[157],"rate":[158],"for":[159],"worsening":[160],"failure;":[162],"they":[163],"also":[164],"significant":[167],"improvement":[168],"symptoms":[171],"as":[175,209],"assessed":[176],"New":[179],"York":[180],"Heart":[181],"Association":[182],"functional":[183],"class.":[184],"Serious":[185],"hyperkalemia":[186],"minimal":[188],"both":[190],"groups":[191],"patients.":[193],"Gynecomastia":[194],"or":[195],"breast":[196],"pain":[197],"reported":[199],"10%":[201],"men":[203,214],"compared":[210],"1%":[212],"(p":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
